Haris Attila: Hymenoptera Research in the Carpathian Basin - Natura Somogyiensis 29. (Kaposvár, 2016)
Early History of the Aculeata research in Hungary from the 16th till the 19th century (1560–1800)
72 Natura Somogyiensis History of the Aculeata research in West Galicia and in the Polish Tatras between 1864 and 1918 Frederick Smith (30th December 1805 London - 16th February 1879 London) British entomologist. His original craft was engraver. His interest in entomology was inspired by William Schuckard, his long life friend. In 1849, he was employed by the British Museum, Natural History as first assistant, later as senior assistant. For a year, he was president of the London Society of Entomology. During the 28 years of his activity, he described 25 genera, 702 species and subspecies. Frederick died at the age of seventy three of complications after lithotripsy, i.e., breaking gall stones, in his time was a very painful surgery performed by crude instruments. He described a series of species (listed separately) from "Polish Ukraine". This indefinite places of capture could be the Carpathians or foot of the Carpathian Mts. but also could be the territories out of the Carpathians (Smith 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857 and 1879). Maksymilian Nowicki (9th October 1826 Jablonow - 30th October 1890 Krakow, professor of Zoology at Jagellonian University, Krakow) initiated the investigation of entomology of Galicia and Polish Tatras and published 2 papers (Nowicki 1864 and 1865) mainly based on the collection of Dzieduszycki Museum at Lwow (Lemberg, Lviv). In 1846, he graduated at the secondary school of Lemberg, and began studying law at the University of Lemberg. For political reasons - in the Spring of Nations, he took part in demonstrations - he was forced to interrupt his studies and leave Lemberg. He became teacher, taught in the vicinity of Lemberg in Temopil and later in Sambor. He was friend of Vladimir Dzieduszycki, they worked to enrich the collection of the Natural History Museum of Lemberg (Lwow). Finally, in 1863, Nowicki defended his doctoral thesis at University of Lemberg and became professor of zoology at the Jagiellonian University Krakow, where he taught till his death. With his wife, Antonina Kasparek (sister of lawyer and rector of the Jagiellonian University, Francis Kasparka) had two sons: Francis Henry, and Wladyslaw and 4 daughters: Caroline, Janina, Wanda and Jadwiga. In hymenopterologycal point of view, his list of hymenoptera is small, but pioneer, therefore significant. In 1870, in his detailed list of insects, he enumerated 4 Aculeata (Sphecoidea species) from Polish Tatras without further locality. His other paper, in which he discuss hymenoptera combined with other group of insects, is titled: "Przyczynek do owadniczej fauny Galicyi", but in this faunistic list, he listed not only the fauna of the former Polish Galicia but Tatras, Pieniny Mts., Beskides as well. From the former Polish Galicia, for us only Sambir region (now Ukrainian Carpathians) is interesting. This list of Hymenoptera is practically the same that he published in 1865 titled: "Insecta Haliciae Musei Dzieduszyckiani". Edward Feliks Lubicz-Niezabitowski (30th May 1875 Bugaj w Wielkopolsce - 5th November 1946 Poznan, professor of Poznan University and director of the Natural History Museum in Poznan). Edward Niezabitowski studied at the Faculty of Medicine of the Jagiellonian University, where in 1900, he received his doctorate of medicine. His career started at the same institute as assistant at the Department of Anatomy and later at the Department of Botany. After 5 years, in Nowy Targ, he took over a professor position at the local high school and in the next step, he became its director where he organized a free clinic for school children. Fifteen years later, Niezabitowski returned to the Krakow University as lecturer of biology. Than in Poznan, he received professor status
