Haris Attila: Hymenoptera Research in the Carpathian Basin - Natura Somogyiensis 29. (Kaposvár, 2016)
Early History of the Aculeata research in Hungary from the 16th till the 19th century (1560–1800)
64 Natura Somogyiensis Museum in Thüringer Landesmuseum Heidecksburg). He took several expeditions to the Balearic Islands, the Ionian island, the Mediterranean region, North Africa and the Middle East (Jericho, Egypt, Palestine) and Java in Southeast Asia. In Aculeata faunistic of the Carpathian Basin, he has only one important publication, but it has 1070 pages, titled "Apidae Europaeae (Die Bienen Europas) per genera,species et varietates disposi- tae atque descriptae" (Schmiedeknecht 1882-1884). In this work he described 17 Nomada and Andrena species from Hungary. Accurately, Schmiedeknecht author only 6 species, the others species, names and descriptions he received from Sándor Mocsáry, Schmiedeknecht only published the Mocsáry descriptions and names (1 species description namely Andrena hystrix is from Perez). Therefore, in the list, we indicate these in the following form Nomada sybarita Mocsary (in Schmiedeknecht 1882) and in the list instead "species described by Schmiedeknecht" we use: "species published by Schmiedeknecht". This is the explanation for a strange name that we may find in different papers: "Nomada schmiedeknechti Schmiedeknecht, 1882". Schmiedeknecht never named a species from himself, Mocsáry named this species for the honor of his friend and provided specimens and descriptions for his monograph. Schmiedeknecht only published this, naturally with the permission of Sándor Mocsáry. These species were published again in 1930, but this time the Nomada part was written by Stoeckhert and the title of the book is "Die Hymenopteren Nord und Mitteleuropas" (Schmiedeknecht 1930). In these monographs, both Schmiedeknecht and Stoeckhert, very correctly attributed the authorship to Sándor Mocsáry of these Nomada species detailed separately. Schmiedeknecht was personally in Hungary and he did here collections as well: In the "Die Crabronen (Hymenopt.) der paläarktischen Region" Kohl writes: " Crabro (Crabro Solenius) larvatus Wesmael: Ungarn (Dr. Schmiedeknecht leg.)" (Kohl 1915). Gyula Pungur (24th May 1843 Erdőszengyel - 1 st May 1907 Zelenika) Ornithologist and Orthoptera specialist, started his studies in Marosvásárhely, later he continued it with teology at Nagyenyed. After few years teaching at Marosvásárhely, he took his final theological exams and admitted to the Hessen-Marburg University. In the next years Gyula Pungur was teacher and/or pastor in Mezőzáh, Szilágynagyfalu and Zilah. When the Hungarian Ornithological Center was founded, he joined and soon, he became the secretary of the Center. Once, when Gyula Pungur collected insects and mounted them and let to dry, he observed serious destructions on the drying insects. He observed, that wasps (Vespula germanica) attacked the pinned insects. These wasps were very selective. They ate only the heads of Orthoptera (they did not damaged other mounted insects) but not all Orthoptera species: they selected the heads only of Barbitistes serricauda F., Poecilimon fussi Fieber and Leptophyes albovittata Kollar (Pungur, 1897). Endre Dudich senior medical doctor of Lekér and Nagysalló, father of Endre Dudich zoologist. He published 2 papers on the life history and biology of leafcutter bees (Dudich 1884a,b). Géza Horváth (23 November 1847, Csécs - 8 September 1937, Budapest) was Hungarian medical doctor and entomologist, he was internationally recognized for his work on bugs (Hemiptera). He also studied the Hungarian scale insect fauna. Horváth published over 350 papers during his life. He was appointed to director of the newly established National Phylloxera Research Station in Budapest in 1880, where he did research on aphids, Phylloxera and psyllids. In 1896, he returned to the Hungarian National Museum, where he was director of the Department of Zoology till his retirement. He remained active in entomology, and served as president of the 10th International
