Haris Attila: Hymenoptera Research in the Carpathian Basin - Natura Somogyiensis 29. (Kaposvár, 2016)
Early History of the Aculeata research in Hungary from the 16th till the 19th century (1560–1800)
Haris, A.: Hymenoptera Research in the Carpathian Basin 61 Selmecbányái Gyógyászati és Természettudományi Egyesület (Selmecbánya Society of Medical and Nature Sicences) in 1892, titled "Selmecbánya és vidéke állattani tekintetben" (Fauna of Selmecbánya and its environment) (Petricskó 1892) Petricskó provided high number of Aculeata species. Most of them were collected in 1888 and 1889 from the following localities: Szentháromság-hegy, Ilia, Szitnya, Roszgrudi-tó (tó-lake), Kisiblye, Halicsi-tó, Greczer-forrás, Szélakna, Sba, Kálvária, Vihnye, Vereskút, Bélebánya, Pucsuvadló and Stefúltó. Tivadar Zareczky chief forester of prince Philip Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and science writer in apiculture. He was inventor a new type of vax melting instrument either. We know 2 papers of him on hymenopterology. In both of them, he discusses European hornet as pest of apiculture (Zareczky 1896a, b). Sándor (Alexander) Mocsáry (27th September 1841 Nagyvárad (Oradea) - 26th December 1915 Budapest), royal councillor, director of the Zoological Department of the Hungarian National Museum and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences was the first Hungarian specialist of Hymenoptera. He was born in Nagyvárad. After his high school years in Nagyvárad, Mocsáry entered into the Norbertine Order. However, his long lasting sickness (TB) made him taking the monastic oath impossible. Therefore, in 1862, he had to leave the order and studied law at Nagyvárad, in his hometown, and later graduated at Vienna University, Faculty of Natural History. In 1870, he occupied his new position as apprentice in the newly established Zoological Department of the Hungarian National Museum. After 12 years, he nominated to assistant curator and in 1914, he retired as the head of the Zoological Department. In his age of 10, he was inspired to collect insects by his friend, namely gr. (earl) Emil Neuhauss (Mocsáry 1901b). His first insect-net were made by his older sister. Few years later, the young Mocsáry and Neuhauss made fashion of insect collection and the children of his town founded a local insect-bourse giving value for different moths, butterflies and beetles and bought and sold them. He studied all Aculeata and Symphyta groups of the world. The faunistic works published by Sándor Mocsáry, contain the following papers: Hymenoptera fauna of Budapest (Mocsáry 1879), Zólyom and Liptó counties (Mocsáry 1878a), Transylvania (Mocsáry 1883 and 1874), Zemplén and Ung counties (Mocsáry 1875), Bihar and Hajdú counties (Mocsáry 1876) Temes county (Mocsáry 1879) and on the Hymenoptera fauna of Hungary in general (Mocsáry 1878c, 1879,1881b, 1897b, 1894, 1898c, 1899c). He also described 96 new species from Hungary (Mocsáry 1878a, b, 1879c, d, e, 1883e, 1877a, c, d. 1894, 1887b, 1883e, 1884c, 1894, 1889a, 1882, 1906, 1912d). His favorite group was cuckoo wasps (Mocsáry 1876a, d, 1878b, 1879a, 1882, 1883c, d, 1889d, 1899b, 1902a, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1912a, b, c, d, f). One of his main work is the monograph on the world Chrysididae species titled "Monographia Chrysididarum orbis terrarum uni- versi" with its digestions and additions (Mocsáry 1889a, b, c, 1890, 1892b). Beyond faunistics and species descriptions, Mocsáry worked on systematics including self-synonyms (Mocsáry 1881b), life history and ecology of wasps and bees (Mocsáry 1868a, 1876a, b, c, d, e, 1877b, 1878f, g, h, 1879a, 1883b, 1884d, 1885a, b, 1892a, 1904, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1910, 1911). He also paid attention to scientific popular papers as well (Mocsáry 1875a, 1876 a, b, c, d, e, 1883b, 1884d, 1886a, 1900, 1901a). Mocsáry summarized his life-work for the Hymenoptera collection in 2 papers (Mocsáry 1902b,c) and 2 years before his death, he wrote his self-biography (Mocsáry 1912e, 1913). In 1897, he completed the Hymenoptera part of Fauna Regni Hungáriáé. This monograph comprised the results of zoological researches and all available faunistic data of
