Ábrahám Levente (szerk.): Válogatott tanulmányok IX. - Natura Somogyiensis 24. (Kaposvár, 2014)
Miókovics E. - Bódis J. - Molnár Zs.: Analysis of landscape change in the Nagyberek (Somogy, Hungary) with the DPSIR Framework
8 Natura Somogyiensis water supply, large areas were ploughed up (Takáts 1986). The traditional land use disappeared in parallel with the nationalisation of the land and the spread of large-scale intensive farming. Although the Fehérvízi Protected Area was established in 1972, the effective protection and management of the habitats began only with the foundation of the National Parks (Duna-Dráva National Park 1996, Balaton Uplands National Park 1997). The migration and impoverishment of people became general after the collapse of the socialism (from 1990) with the ceasing of collective farms. Recently the state- owned land is hired by a foreign owned agro-industrial company. The company deals with game management, cattle breeding and crop production (com, rape). Water management is under the control of several owners and a complex legislation system. Methods In the last decades the study of driving forces become more and more important in landscape research (Wood & Handly 2001, Hersperger & Bürgi 2007, 2009, Long et al. 2007, Schneeberger et al. 2007, Hersperger et al. 2010, Spuleroa et al. 2010). According to Bürgi et al. (2004) there are three phases of the analysis of driving forces (1. system definition, 2. system analysis, 3. system synthesis). It happens through the following steps: definition of the study, the study period, the temporal resolution, and the landscape elements of interest, 2. analysis of the driving forces and directions of the changes 3. definition of causal relationships of changes and driving forces in the studied landscape. The applicability of the DPSIR Framework for the analysis of landscape changes has been proved in the recent years by several studies (Svarstadt et al. 2008, Hersperger et al. 2010, Tscherning et al 2012, Bell 2012). The DPSIR Framework is used widely in different studies (Kristensen 2004, Pironne et al. 2005, Lin et al. 2007, Hajdú 2009, Maxim et al. 2009, Omann et al. 2009, Spangenberg et al. 2009, Ness et al. 2010). The elements of the model are the following: (?) Drivers, (??') Pressures, (???) State, (?'v) Impact and (v) Responses (Fig. 2). The Drivers can be divided into the following major types: political, economic, technical, cultural and natural (Bürgi et al. 2004). The driv- ers-pressures-state-impact-responses are elements of a complex causal system, where the elements mutually influence each other. In the whole system the impacts can strengthen or weaken each other. D P S I Driving Pressures State Impacts forces actual state health of human needs formed bv ecosystem and interests, -j—thanagement of! ► pressures, functions and social driving forces, attitude, natural features of services, resources, ecosystem. decrease of environment, realisation ol amount of biodiversity, e¥ driving forces resources migration 1 * Measures for decrease/cancel the negative impacts of pressures Responses R Fig. 2: Elements of the DPSIR Framework (based on EEA 1995)
