Ábrahám Levente (szerk.): Válogatott tanulmányok IX. - Natura Somogyiensis 24. (Kaposvár, 2014)
Miókovics E. - Bódis J. - Molnár Zs.: Analysis of landscape change in the Nagyberek (Somogy, Hungary) with the DPSIR Framework
6 Natura Somogyiensis We used the DPSIR Framework to understand landscape changes. The model of Pressures - State - Response (PSR) was developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD 1991) to help the understanding of environmental indicators for decision makers and a broad stratum of society. This model was expanded and further developed by the European Environment Agency (EEA 1991) nearly 20 years ago. The DPSIR Framework helps identify the forces which form and maintain landscapes and to realize the natural-economical-social environment, as the relations and interactions of the main landscape-changing factors. The Nagyberek is a broad area of habitats with relatively high naturalness. This landscape is one of the last representatives of the former extended marshes of the Carpathian Basin. This region has unique history and values. It is adjacent to the recreation area on the southern bank of Lake Balaton and it is characterized by degraded, drained habitats as well as a consequence of the management techniques used in the last 100 years. Because of the socioeconomic changes the relationship of people with the landscape has altered fundamentally. This altered relationship has significant effects on wetland habitat complexes. In our study we present the causes which have determined the development of the landscape structure and delineate the directions of future changes with the DPSIR Framework. We study the habitats of the Nagyberek from the nature conservation point of view: the changes of habitat and species diversity are the most important indicators. The causal relations of driving forces which induce landscape changes were investigated. The changes were studied with the DPSIR Framework through a given period of time (1900-2013). The actual state of landscape units (habitat complexes) was determined then compared with the reference state (1900). Interviews with the inhabitants and written sources and historical maps (Takáts 1934, Kanyar 1985, Hosszú 2009) were used for the analysis. Material and Methods Study area The studied area is larger than 170 km2 and physiographically represents an independent unit. The center coordinate of the area is N46°41’06”, E17°30’53”. The mean elevation of the area is 104-110 m above the sea level, the mean annual temperature is 10.1- 10.3 °C, the mean annual precipitation is 670 mm from which 380-400 mm is in the vegetation period (Dövényi 2010). In our study we defined the Nagyberek as the area bordered by the following settlements: Balatonboglár - Ordacsehi - Fonyód - Balatonkeresztúr - Balatonújlak - Somogyszentpál - Táska - Buzsák - Lengyeltóti (Fig. 1). The population of the area is 45 000 (Hungarian Central Statistical Office), which is steadily decreasing. Some literature (Borbás 1900, Mágocsy-Dietz 1914, László & Emszt 1915, Soó 1930, Kovács 1955, Kovács & Priszter 1957) documented the natural habitats of the landscape. The historical maps (L, II., III. Military Survey) and the book of Bendefy & V. Nagy (1969) provide data about the extent and water balance of these habitats. Studies were carried out in the area within the framework of nationwide botanical surveys and habitat mappings (FLORA, MÉTA), as well as surveys required for the management of protected (Rozner et al. 2011) and Natura 2000 areas (Vidéki & V. Tóth 2006, 2007a, 2007b, 2007c). More than half of the Nagyberek is part of the Natura 2000 network (SPA: Balatoni-berkek - HUDD10012). The studies of Lájer (2007, 2008) give summary about the actual vegetation of the area (especially about marshes and fens).
