Ábrahám Levente (szerk.): Válogatott tanulmányok VI. - Natura Somogyiensis 19. (Kaposvár, 2010)

SALAMON-ALBERT É., HORVÁTH F., & ORTMANN-AJKAI A.: Climatic conditions and habitats in Belső-Somogy, Külső-Somogy and Zselic as vegetation-based landscape regions II. Temperature and precipitation sensitivity of woodlands

64 NATURA SOMOGYIENSIS exception, with its four-peaked distribution and three-grouped regional climate function. Precipitation variables are valid in a wider range with strong differentiation in multipeaks and climate functional groups. By our statistical analyses, studied semi-natural woodland groups are sufficiently integrated in the climate surface and envelopes of the region, but in very different way, according to type of bioclimatic index. Some temperature and precipitation variable is a sensitive predictor in occurrence of woodland habitats in the region on the given scale. Climate sensitivity of woodlands is interpreted by distribution variability of multipeaks, and by the values of bioclimatic variable belonging to. All studied precipitation indices and also some temperature ones showed a characteristic southwest-northeast gradient as the regional climate surface and envelope. Same gradient was expressed in most of woodlands as a habitat climate envelope, e.g. closed dry deciduous and mesic deciduous woodlands, especially also in other tree dominated habitats. Occurrence and pattern of riverine and swamp woodlands were no tightly attached to regional climate surface and envelope, but especially in the high values of precipitation indices, due to lagged effect of rainwater being reflected to groundwater level. It may be explained that azonal water-dependent vegetation are indirectly dependent on precipitation on a longer time scale (Czúcz et al 2007, 2009). Opposite this fact, they were continuously displayed by certain ranges of certain bioclimatic variables, e.g. temperature seasonality and precipitation of coldest quarter. Riverine and swamp woodlands forming an azonal, groundwater-dependent habitat group, showed no climatic delimitation by annual mean temperature (BIOCLIM-1) and mean temperature of wettest quarter (BIOCLIM-8). They have a moderate climate delimititation by temperature seasonality (BIOCLIM-4), mean temperature of driest quarter (BIOCLIM-9) and precipitation of coldest quarter (BIOCLIM-1

9). Strong climate delimitation was resulted by annual precipitation (BIOCLIM-1

2), precipitation of driest (BIOCLIM-1

7) and warmest quarter (BIOCLIM-1

8). Mesic deciduous woodlands as a habitat group were not nearly or moderately delimitated by the regional climate surface and envelope in general. Gaussian distributions come up with two multipeaks by temperature variables, and with 3 ones by precipitation indices. They showed no climatic delimitation by annual mean temperature (BIOCLIM1), temperature seasonality (BIOCLIM-4), mean temperature of wettest (BIOCLIM-8) and driest quarter (BIOCLIM-9) and annual precipitation (BIOCLIM12). They are under moderate climate delimititation by precipitation of driest (BIOCLIM17), warmest (BIOCLIM18) and coldest quarter (BIOCLIM19). Strong climate delimitation was not resulted by any bioclimatic variable. It can be interpereted with multifarious occurrence of K habitat types in different range of bioclimatic variables. It is summarized, that mesic deciduous woodlands are more differentiated by precipitation indices than temperature variables. Group of mesic deciduous woodlands are the dominant elements in the vegetation based landscape regions, they are abundant in the west and disappear towards east, showing a good gradient and differentiation by their habitat types. Among three main K habitats, beech forests (K5) are the most sensitive indicators of climate variables, due to their occurrence in the eastern subcontinental part of the region, sporadically in Külső-Somogy and en masse in Zselic. Dry closed deciduous woodlands (L) are mostly fitted to regional climate envelopes, showing similar number and position of multipeaks, according to high variability in their habitat types. There is a peak at low precipitation values of BIOCLIM18, where this woodlands are absent, due to extremities in precipitation of warmest quarter or lack of habitat type or previous landscape management. Habitat types of dry closed deciduous