Ábrahám Levente (szerk.): Válogatott tanulmányok IV. - Natura Somogyiensis 15. / Miscellanea 4. (Kaposvár, 2009)
Lánszki József - Sárdi Bertalan - Széles Gabriella: Falvakban és külterületi mezőgazdasági környezetben élő nyestek táplálkozási szokásai
Lanszki J., Sárdi B., & Széles L. G.: Feeding habits of the stone marten 243 numbers do not meant negative direct relationship, but by implication it shows that presence of one of the species is influenced by the presence of the other. Small mammals dominated in the animal diet of martens living in farms during the summer-autumn period as it was found in other studies (Delibes 1978, Rasmussen and Madsen 1985, Tester 1986, Goszczynski 1986, Serafini and Lovari 1993, Lode 1994, Lanszki 2003). Especially rodent density of farms could have been considerable, where martens are the natural enemy of house mouse and rat and on the basis of current study important consumer of them. There were significant differences against tendencies beyond in connection with, for instance, near to refuse dumps (rubbish: Prigioni et al. 2008, rabbit: Lanszki and Nagy 2003), during low availability of food sources (birds: Lanszki and Széles 2007), and Mediterranean areas (invertebrates: Genovesi et al. 1996). Martens living in villages have higher food density and more available food, e.g. domestic animals, pigeon, rat, sparrow, vegetable, garden, waste, etc. (Holisová and Obrtel 1982, Rasmussen and Madsen 1985, Lucerini and Crema 1993, Sidorovich 1997, Tóth 1998, Lanszki 2003), furthermore a smaller area is able to ensure enough food (Powell 1994), fewer competitors are needed furthermore to divide the sources (Holisová and Obrtel 1982, Lucerini and Crema 1993). Marten may cause damages in villages by killing and surplus killing domestic animals (Lanszkiné and Lanszki 2005), while in towns mainly by car damage (e.g. Herr et al. 2009a, 2009b). About one part of consumed domestic animals scavenge were proved (supposedly feeding from rubbish). Consumption of plastic and rubber from indigestible materials are connected with its (especially of cubs) curious and playful temper. These could be the reasons behind their damaging of cables and other plastic equipments of cars too, which were experienced in the examined settlements too in many cases. Small, mainly terrestrial and habitat-generalist prey species meant the main food of martens in both types of habitat. There weren't such marked habitat type-dependent differences as in a former study (Lanszki 2003). To avoid or to reduce marten's damage we have got to recognize those sources which are attractive for martens within human environment (Heltai et al. 2005). Protection against marten can be built upon prevention, alerting, exclusion and capture (more details: Szemethy and Heltai 2001, Heltai and Szőcs 2007). On the basis of the present study ruined buildings, fruits, communal trash, rest of domestic animal cutting, dog or cat food mean important and available sources for martens. Availablity of pet food was limited, but according to the study of Lanszkiné and Lanszki (2005) alerting by dog or any other way is not or just temporarily meant solution for the problem in itself. Elimination of nests is hardly carried out, but getting into preferred buildings, (e.g. in spires) is prevented. The base of an essential methodical management would be only the stantardized model of urban wildlife management (Adams et al. 2005). Acknowledgements Thanks to J.J. Purger, A. Pintér and Z. Szegvári for their help on field and V. Honfi for the map.
