Ábrahám Levente (szerk.): Válogatott tanulmányok III. - Natura Somogyiensis 12. (Kaposvár, 2008)
Fazekas Imre: The species of the genus Aethes Billberg, 1821 of Hungary (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Treatment of the species of Aethes in Hungary Aethes Billberg, 1820 Species which are characteristic of Neotropical, Oriental and Holarctic regions all occur. According to literature, 70-75 species are known in the Palaearctic region, and are more widespread in the western Palaearctic. A number of endemic species in Central Asia are known. There are 45 European species, of which 22 are found in Hungary. Wingspan of the imago 8-23 mm, markings and coloration very variable. In the forewing, all veins separate or R4-R5 stalked, chorda, M-stem and CuP atrophied; in hindwing Rs-M, stalked, reaming veins run separate (Fig. 2). In Aethes, the assumed basic pattern consists of basal, dorso-postbasal, median and sub terminal fasciae, and a tornai marking (Fig. 3). Several of the species are polymorphic and have distinct ecological forms. Ecological variation, such as that found in Ae. hartmanniana, Ae. rutilana and Ae. kindemanniana, also appears to have been intensively studied. There are several groups of closely related taxa occasionally treated as valid species or, formerly, subspecies or groups of species or infraspecific taxa (e.g. Ae. hartmanniana/piercei and Ae. cnicana/rubigana) . The hindwing is usually more or less unicolorous, sometimes with darker suffusion.Usually the ground colour is brownish grey or grey, cilia paler than wing or creamy, whitish. Recorded foodplants are mainly species of Asteraceae (Compositae). The larva lives in various parts of plants, often in stems and roots; it hibernates, and pupates in spring or early summer. The moths fly from April to September and may be uni-, bi- and multivoltine. /. Aethes hartmanniana (Clerck, 1759) (Fig. 4, 6, 29, 30) [Phalaena] hartmanniana Clerck, 1759, Icones Ins., pi. 4, fig. 10. Locus typicus References: Ács & SZABÓKY 1993, FAZEKAS 1992, 1993, 1995, 2005, GOZMÁNY 1968, RONKAY & SZABÓKY 1981, SZABÓKY 1999. Distribution in Palaearctic: from Ural Mountains and Caucasus to Britain. According to KENNEL (1913) in Armenia and Asia Minor. Fig. 2. Venation and forewing of Aethes genus
