Véri Dániel (szerk.): A Ferenczy Múzeumi Centrum Évkönyve - Studia Comitatensia 35. (Szentendre, 2017)
Régészet - Ottományi Katalin: Késő kelta–kora római településrészletek Perbálon
STUDIACOMITATENSIA 35.-A FERENCZY MÚZEUMI CENTRUM ÉVKÖNYVE Katalin Ottományi LATE CELTIC - EARLY ROMAN SETTLEMENT FRAGMENTS FROM PERBÁL South of Perbál the Hungarian Archaeological Topography (MRT 7, sites 14/9,14/4) shows a villa economy and a settlement without stone buildings. Based on surveys and excavations the two sites belong together. At Kukorica-dombi-dűlő we excavated 2 170 m2 in 2007-2008. Out of the 120 features found, 40 are from the Late Celtic-Early Roman period. The number of the Late Celtic (16) and Celtic-Roman transition (16) features are nearly of the same amount, with far less Early Roman features (8). Among the features there were 21 pits, 2 larger size, half features, probably workshops, 2 postholes, 8 pit complexes, 4 half subterranean houses and 3 ovens. Periods can mostly be separated by the pottery material, occasionally by stratigraphy as well. The kiln and its firing pit (feats. 85 and 59) are from the beginning of the Late Celtic Period (LT Dl-2) based on the graphite-coated pottery, the grey-red bowls and granaries. The rest of the Celtic pits contained grey wheeled, and hand-made pottery (LT D2). In the features of the Celtic-Roman transition period (middle-late 1st century) a few Roman vessels (painted, glazed and houseware) appear. In the Early Roman features, the autochthonous and the new pottery, made in Aquincum, appear in equal numbers. The import objects (terra sigillata, amphorae) allow us to identify this period of the settlement to be around the turn of 1st and 2nd century, before the stone building period (South Gallian, Flavius-Traianus Period terra sigillata from house 66). This dating is verified by stray coins as well, from a Divus Augustus (14-37 AD) coin to a Hadrianus (117-138 AD) coin. The earliest, half subterranean house, feat. 57 (second half of the 1st century), is cut by the Early Roman house 60 at its NW end. The smallest one (6 m2, feat. 65) has no postholes, it was probably a workshop. The other three were probably living houses with two or three postholes in the middle (14-25 m2). The houses are on the SE part of the excavation site, located 10-13 meters from each other. We can presume the autochthonous Celtic, Eraviscii population not only because of the pottery but of the metals and fibulae (one buttoned, strong profiled and some stray winged brooches) as well. A Rhine disc brooch and a German belt buckle show foreign inhabitants. On the other site (Perbál, Zsidó-földek, MRT 7, site 14/4) we found 4 half subterranean houses, one square, three rectangular shaped, along with 10 pits, 3 workshops and 2 ditches. One of the ditches bordered the whole settlement during the 2nd century. This southern part of the Roman settlement was inhabited from the first half of the 2nd century through the first half of the 3rd century, later than the excavated part of site 9. These published settlement fragments provide new data for the history of the Early Roman habitation and the Romanization process of Perbál, and more widely, the surroundings of Aquincum. (translated by Péter Mali) ► 67
