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Régészet - Merczi Mónika: Római kori fibulák Perbálról és Zsámbékról

STUDIA COMITATENSIA 35. - A FERENCZY MÚZEUMI CENTRUM ÉVKÖNYVE

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Mónika Merczi

ROMAN FIBULAE FROM PERBÁL AND ZSÁMBÉK

We already had a comprehensive knowledge of fibulae types and their variations worn in Northeastern Pannónia, based on the analysis of archaeological finds of the Budaörs Roman settlement, located along the road leading from Acquincum to Savaria, published in 2012. We also know of a larger number of fibulae west of Budaörs, in Perbál and Zsámbék. The Zsámbék finds were handed over to the Ferenczy Museum by metal detectorists; part of the Perbál finds were found during Katalin Ottományi’s excavation at Kukorica-dom- bi-dűlő (MRT 7, site 14/9) and at Zsidó-földek (MRT 7, site 14/4). 111686 settlements were located on a Roman road that diverged from the Acquincum-Savaria road and joined in the diagonal road leading from Brigetio to Acquincum.

The 102 fibulae from the two settlements can be divided into 18 types. A significant proportion of the finds (two-thirds) were Late Celtic-Early Roman fibulae (1st—2nd century AD; strongly profiled brooches, norico-pannonian brooches with wings and with two knobs) worn by natives, mostly or only women. The majority of the variations of the different types were already known from Budaörs, based on these the material culture of the region was homogeneous in the Late Celtic and the Early Roman period. Only the profiled brooch with catch plate was found as a new type. The Mid-Imperial (last third of the 2nd century-first half of the 3rd century) fibulae types usually worn by men (knee fibulae, hinged T-shaped brooches) constitute only a smaller part of the finds; the proportion of 4th century fibulae designs (crossbow and penannular brooches) is also considered low. 10—15% of the finds of each period were identified as being of foreign origin. The majority of the Roman fibulae with foreign character were produced within the empire; the foreign finds from the Mid- and Late Imperial period have parallels from the Barbaricum.

Based on the fibulae, the area of Perbál and Zsámbék was already inhabited before the Roman conquest, which did not constitute a rupture in the life of the settlements. The inhabitants used the roads connecting the settlements with each other as well as with the border lands - this was also confirmed by the data drawn from the fibulae. The area remained inhabited after the Marcomannic Wars until the end of 4th century, but as the role of fibulae in garments declined, only the analysis of further types of findings could provide a more complete picture of the density of the population.

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