Ikvai Nándor szerk.: Régészeti tanulmányok Pest megyéből (Studia Comitatensia 17. Szentendre, 1985)
Pap Ildikó: A Dabas (Gyón)-paphegyi XI. századi embertani széria
Ildikó Pap THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SERIES OF DABAS (GYÓN) — PAPHEGY FROM THE 11TH CENTURY I have analyzed the anthropological material brought to light on Paphegy (Paphill), to the west of the village Gyón in Pest county. This cemetery part consisted of 24 graves containing 14 sub-adults (12 infans I., 2 juveniles) and 10 adults (5 males, 5 females). Table 1 presents cranial parameters, Table 2 facial flatness data and Table 3 gives the metric classification of postcranial skeletons. The following pathological lesions are to be mentioned from those found on skulls and skeletal bones: On the skeleton of male No. 1: spondylarthrosis deformans on the vertebrae; osteoarthrosis of incisurae claviculares of sternum; fractura compléta with dislocation complicated with osteomyelitis and healed with low grade axle-deflection (Figs 1—2). The trace of a similarly dislocated type complete fracture on the left fibula (the right one is missing). Probably these „oblique" fractures are the results of falling from greater height (Marcsik, 1983). In our case falling from horse-back can be rendered probable. This theory is also supported by the presence of unusually expressed muscular insertion of grooves on the front surfaces of patellae caused by increased muscular hypertrophization, a natural outcome of equestrian way of life (Regöly—Mérei 1962) (Fig. 4). Spondylarthrosis can be found on facies articularls superior pars medialis et lateralis of the right tibia (Fig. 3). A fracture complicated with osteomyelitis and healed with axle-deflection can be seen on the lower proximal third of the left fibula of female No. 4. Spondylarthrosis deformans is to be found on the vertebrae of female No. 7; an unusually large grilled depression on the extremitas sternalis of the right clavicula at the location of impressio lig. costoclavicularis. According to Regöly —Mérei (1962) this deformation can be considered an anatomic variation of clavicle. There is a shallow impression of about 40 mm diameter on the left side of the frontal bone — in the region confined by the linea temporalis and the arcus superciliaris — on the skull of the mature aged woman No. 14. There is a large-scale bone destruction on the hip-bones. As a result of this facies symphyseos completely disappeared and a considerable part of ramus inferior et superior ossis pubis are also damaged to a great extent. There is a half-circle shaped impression, with a radius of about 12 mm, protruding towards the foramen obturatum (Fig. 5). Its outer edge is markedly drawn, the inner one is sloped. A smaller size recess — about 10 mm deep — which grows narrower inwards can be observed on the ramus inferior ossis pubis (Fig. 6). Two finger-shaped hollows wich are contact with each other can be seen on the left hip-bone. They have a more extended character on the medial surface (Fig. 7). The outer surface is rough and uneven (Fig. 8). The destruction experienced here is probably a secondary phenomenon. Because of some space reduction process (ossal tumour, extraossal tumour starting from the environment, cysta etc.) the bone-tissue was atrophized under the increased pressure. 6 skulls (5 females, 1 male) of Paphegy's cranial series proved to be suitable for taxonomical analysis. The female skulls of Graves No. 7 and 14 are of gracile Mediterranean type and one cranium is Cromagnoid-A (Grave No. 4) (Fig. 9). On the skull from Grave No. 11 Mediterranean and Cromagnoid-B characteristics present themselves in a combined form. Mongoloid influence can be recognized beside Mediterranean features on the female cranium of Grave No. 8 (Fig. 10). This influence occurres in the most expressed way mainly in dacryal index, simotic index and malar arc index values. The Cromagnoid-A type is manifested by the male skull of Grave No. 23 (Fig. 11). 407
