Majorossy Judit: A Ferenczy Múzeum régészeti gyűjteményei - A Ferenczy Múzeum kiadványai, D. sorozat: Múzeumi füzetek - Kiállításvezetők 5. (Szentendre, 2014)
Rácz Tibor Ákos: Középkor
his ribs the coins of King Béla IV were revealed. In the ditches and pits of the settlement even more unburied skeletons were excavated. The semi-subterranean dwelling-house that was uncovered on the stream bank of the Hike at Tápiógyörgye burnt down in the 13th century must have been also linked to the Mongol invasion. On the ground level of the house dozens of metal instruments were found: mainly agricultural and domestic tools, but a candelabrum, a fragment of a chain-armour, a dagger, and several iron mountings of a chest were also discovered. The house itself was situated in the cemetery of the churchyard, 2.7 metres away from the parish church itself. On the basis of its findings and its location this house must have been an outstandingly important building within the settlement, although it cannot be decided whether it was the living house of the parish priest or a building where the valuables of the local inhabitants as well as those of the Church were stored in case of emergency. Considering the size and the structure of the house, it perfectly fits into the type of 13,h-century semi-subterranean houses. The Danube could have been one of the most important routes of trade and traffic in the kingdom since the foundation of the state, as it is not accidental that several ecclesiastic and secular centres of the early Hungarian Kingdom were established along this river. Vác had developed into a city on the left side of the Danube, at the foot of the Naszály Hill, and in the Middle Ages it belonged to Nógrád County. Similar to most of the urban settlements of the Arpadian Age, Vác emerged by the fusion of several earlier urban nuclei. The heart of the proto-urban clusters was the residence of the bishop which stood on the territory of a site that emerged in the 9th century. The ecclesiastic centre was built on a terrace rising above the Danube, separated by smaller valleys to the North and to the South from its neighbouring areas. The foundation of the bishopric can be dated sometime after 1009, since on the basis of a charter listing the possessions and properties of the diocese in that year, the territory of Vác still fell within the authority of the Veszprém Bishopric. Nowadays, historians are more or less on the consensus that Vác can also be listed among those ten bishoprics that were established by King (Saint) Stephen I, but it must have been one of his last foundations, because its territory was collated from smaller or larger parts taken away from the adjoining counties. At the foot of the bishop’s residence on the hill, there could have been a marketplace, since the streets around the castle - as it is still detectable from the current network of roads - show such an arrangement. This kind of urban ground plan reflects forms known prior to the 13th century. Among the inhabitants with the legal status of servants traders and craftsmen were also present. After the Mongol invasion a new chapter was started in the history of the town already characterised by a deliberate urban-planning. The foreign-speaking settlers arranged their long narrow plots around the triangle-form square of the new parish church. The territory of the settlement shrank, but it became more regular. In the historical nucleus of Vác, with fluctuant intensity, archaeological excavations have been continuously carried out in the last few decades. In the second part of the 1980s large-scale construction works took place in the Széchenyi street, and the excavation parallel to the construction made the reconstruction of the topography of the medieval Sáros street possible, and it gave an insight into the rich material culture of the medieval citizens. Cooking pots with fluted surfaces and burnt to white, pans, glazed mugs, and large storage vessels were uncovered in an extremely large quantity. On the other hand, the building of the condominium in the Káptalan street provided a good opportunity for the investigation of the whole surface of a late medieval urban plot. The investigations revealed not only the remnants of a stone house from the 16th century together with its rich material findings, but the dwellings of the previous centuries could also be uncovered. 64 Andrea Contarini velencei dózse (1367-1382) arany dukátja / Golden ducat of Andrea Contarini, doge of Venice (1367-1382)
