Majorossy Judit: A Ferenczy Múzeum régészeti gyűjteményei - A Ferenczy Múzeum kiadványai, D. sorozat: Múzeumi füzetek - Kiállításvezetők 5. (Szentendre, 2014)
Dr. Ottomány Katalin: Rómaiak kora
was made from the findings of the auxiliary fort and cemetery at Szentendre and the watchtower at Leányfalu. On the territories farther away from the frontier line (limes), the lines of the roads radiating out of Aquincum are indicated by the row of villas, villages (vici) and burial sites. In the last decades several excavations were carried out in Pest County concerning this period. This time only a few findings from the cemeteries at Biatorbágy and Páty as well as objects from the settlements, villa rusticas (Roman farm-house estates) at Érd, Páty, and Perbál are on display. This visual store is not a real exhibition. There are no illustrative and explanatory boards and posters. The stone buildings, the military camps, the inscriptions created by the Roman influence cannot be exhibited. One can only see the tangible archaeological material. The life of the people of the province, the transformation of their material culture, and its changes through the four centuries should be followed only with the help of the exhibited objects. It is visible what kind of impact the Roman civilization exercised on the native Celtic pottery and metallurgy, what kind of artifacts arrived from Aquincum during the golden age of the Roman Empire, and finally how the decline of the Roman civilization and the expansion of the Barbarians were reflected by the findings of the 4th-5th-century cemeteries and watchtowers. By the time of their conquest the Romans had found different Celtic and Illyrian tribes on the territory of the later Pannonia province. The Celtic Eravisci lived in Pest County. The archaeological, material remains of the native inhabitants could be followed until the last third of the 2nd century within the territory of the county. The pottery and metal finds of the settlements and cemeteries prove that the traditional Celtic and the new Roman culture had lived side by side for almost two centuries. After the Marcomannic Wars (169-180 A.D.) the population of the province was partly changed. The number of the local inhabitants, who already went through a complete Romanization process, was increased by new soldiers and traders arriving from the East. During the flourishing age of Caesar Severus, at the turn of the 2nd-3rd centuries, Pannonia had its heyday. The invasions of the Sarmatians and the Quadi people put an end to this golden era in the 250s-260s, and the traces of their destructions are also indicated by the hidden coin treasures along the limes (Szentendre, Biatorbágy, Budaörs). In the Roman Age the soldiers, the traders accompanying them as well as the Roman citizens brought about with themselves a new tradition of eating habits and with this a new set of pottery also arrived. Along the former grey vessels, and later instead of them, painted, natural raw clay coloured, hard-burnt ceramics were developed with more various slips and decorations. Grain-tempered, hard-burnt vessels, bowls with horizontal rim, tripods, and pots were used for cooking, natural clay coloured vessels, painted jars, flat bowls, small glasses were used for eating. Intact vessels were uncovered especially from early Roman graves, sometimes also from cremation burials. In an early Roman grave at Páty a complete clay slipped jar was found together with a flat bowl with stamped decoration. Among the large storage vessels of the settlements there are more and more pots, large vessels painted in streaks, decorated with wavy lines and stitches (such as the large vessel from the settlement at Páty). These vessels were not any more prepared by the small, local workshops, but were produces in the pottery centres of the Roman cities and next to the Roman military camps. They came to the sites of Pest County from Aquincum, from the centre of the province. One of the typical Roman vessel forms was the so-called “mortar” used in the kitchen. In their inner side pebbles were used for grinding spices (as a mortar) and mixing sauces. 42 Késő római tálalókészlet / Late Roman set of serving plates
