Rácz Tibor Ákos: A múltnak kútja. Fiatal középkoros regészek V. konferenciájának tanulmánykötete - A Ferenczy Múzeum kiadványai, A. sorozat: Monográfiák 3. (Szentendre, 2014)
Képtáblák
English Summaries Räcz Miklós Is There Anything for an Archaeologist in an Eighteenth-century Monastery? Building archaeology is a special field of research. It is different from field archaeology not only with regard to the types of sites, but also in the way it is related to planning, to construction works, and to the use of buildings. In the present paper the author intended to give an overview, using the example of a recent reconstruction project, of how a building archaeologist works and how this work can be part of the reconstruction process. The Camaldolese monastery of Majk near Oroszlány, west of Budapest, was built between 1733 and 1770 in the revival period of the hermitic order. Besides the church, the monastic building complex included seventeen houses of the monks and the main building, called Foresteria, with three wings arranged around the three sides of a courtyard and with three storeys. After the dissolution of the monastery in 1782, the church was pulled down and the rest of the buildings were used as a textile factory. In a number of steps after 1860, the Foresteria was converted into the country house of the Count Esterházy family. After 1945, the buildings started to decay. The renovation of the main building started in 2009. Building archaeology uses a number of methods ranging from recording the building as found in textual descriptions, on photos and drawings, through direct observations on the buildings themselves to digging test pits. According to current regulations, any planning on construction or any intervention on historic buildings must be based on building archaeological assessments, the scope and depth of which should be in accordance with the planned interventions. In case of the main building (the Foresteria) at Majk, the process was out of balance: a number of fundamental changes concerning the functions of the rooms were planned without any reference to building archaeology. Most of the building archaeological assessment was done during the construction works, thus, time was often too short to make the appropriate changes in the design, in line with research results. Nonetheless, the main findings influenced the design and improved the overall quality of the reconstruction. Among these results, the identification of the former monastic kitchen, the library, the chapter house, and the remains of facilities from the period of the later factory can be mentioned as well as some medieval finds associated with the nearby ruins of the Premonstratensian monastery of Majk. 463
