Rácz Tibor Ákos: A múltnak kútja. Fiatal középkoros regészek V. konferenciájának tanulmánykötete - A Ferenczy Múzeum kiadványai, A. sorozat: Monográfiák 3. (Szentendre, 2014)
Képtáblák
English Summaries Bognár Katalin Boglárka Large Pit Houses in the Árpád Age Settlement of Balatonőszöd In Balatonőszöd two big, one-roomed houses were found which were supported by posts. However, the other structural elements of the buildings are different. The B-73 house has a shoal trench dug to contain a horizontal beam, with packed floor, but without any fireplace. The B-820 house — which cut a Baden house — is without floor, but pieces of an oven have been found in the south-western corner of the building. Both roofs were on the trampled surface like the roof of the pit houses, but B-73 had posts in the middle of the room, while the posts in B-820 were in the corner. In the archaeological literature these types of buildings were condescended as agricultural buildings, like storage structures, pit hutches, pit stables or cellars. To define the function of the buildings, one should also do research on the material finds. Naturally, most of these finds are ceramics, and they date the buildings for the eleventh and twelfth centuries. On the one hand, from the B-73 house lots of finds came to the light, which could mean that this building could have been a storage house. On the other hand, the B-820 house had just a few pottery fragments, which implies that it was maybe a pit hutch. Furthermore, it must be revealed that near the B-820 object there were houses, outside ovens, ditches, and pits. However, next to the B-73 object there were no houses, just ovens, ditches, and pits. This area of the excavation was rather narrow, so a remarkable finding is that outside the track there could also have been a house. It could be a really important piece of information, as the houses and the agricultural buildings might have been within one agricultural unit. This means that the Arpadian agricultural barnyards were complex and multi-coloured. Moreover, these two buildings in Balatonőszöd were far from each other. Thus, there is a possibility that the structures did not exist in the same time. Finally, it should also be noted that these pit buildings in Balatonőszöd are among the eldest ones in the Carpathian Basin (besides the one found in Lébény-Bille-domb). Thus, one might risk stating that, in addition to the indirect historical sources and speculations, there is a new piece of evidence for the inside the house stock raising in the Carpathian Basin between the beginning of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. 455
