Majorossy Judit: Egy történelmi gyilkosság margójára. Merániai Gertrúd emlékezete, 1213 - 2013. Tanulmánykötet - A Ferenczy Múzeum kiadványai, A. sorozat: Monográfiák 2. (Szentendre, 2014)
VI. English Summaries
To the Margin of a Historical Murder — English Summaries tions and burials. And from the beginning of the thirteenth century Buda (which was then called so, but was actually the later Old Buda) was gradually transformed into an administrative and jurisdictional royal centre. Old Buda sits on a brilliant geographical location, at the meeting point of the flat and mountainous areas by the river Danube at the main crossing of several trade routes and river ferry ports which emerged relatively late, at the end of the twelfth century, among the line of the royal centres in the medium regni. On the royal lands of Buda expanding from the ferry at Megyer in the North to the end of the present Castle Hill, during the eleventh century a series of mansion houses and royal chapels were established serving basically as resting points between the two early residences of Esztergom and Fehérvár. Among the mansion houses, the one at Old Buda was the most outstanding, since on its territory around 1040 - most probably by King Peter Orseolo or Peter the Venetian (1038-1041; 1044—1048) — an important ecclesiastical institution, the second collegiate chapter of the kingdom (after the first in Fehérvár) was founded. The building complex of the Provostry of Buda situated within the stone walls of the late Roman fortress of Aquincum, might have also embraced that royal mansion house which was though first mentioned only at the time of King Béla III (1172-1196), when he hosted Emperor Frederick (Barbarossa) I and his Crusaders travelling through the Hungarian Kingdom in 1189. On the basis of the German sources reporting about this event and mentioning a certain Etzelburg (Castle of Attila the Hun) as well as on the basis of its identification with the Castle of Buda by the Hungarian Anonymous chronicler, and also with the help of some explanatory notes in the Nibelungenlied picturing the German Hun saga circle it can be assumed that Old Buda started to become part of the three royal residences during the reign of King Béla III. However, the real shift in the history of this royal centre happened only in King Andrew II’s time (1205-1235). It was then that the small, but rather representative royal castle was built outside the walls of the late Roman fortress. Afterwards concerning prestige and rank - and supposedly also the frequency of its usage — Old Buda stood on an equal level with Esztergom and Fehérvár. Péter Szabó The Royal Forest of Pilis in the Middle Ages See the original article in English. Gergely Kiss Between the Duchy of Merania and the Patriarchate of Aquileia. The Career of Berthold of Andechs-Meran, Archbishop of Kalocsa and Its Consequences on the Hungarian Church Administration Berthold, the brother of the Hungarian queen consort, Gertrude, was the member of the ambitious German Andechs- Meran family. With the help of his relatives he was able to climb higher and higher on the career scale relatively quickly. His ecclesiastical career started in Bamberg, where he became provost at the cathedral chapter of the Archdiocese of Bamberg (1203-1205). Afterwards he gained the seat of the Archbishop of Kalocsa in the Hungarian Kingdom (1207/1212-1218), and he ended his life as the Patriarch of Aquileia (1218-1251). His progress on the ecclesiastic track well demonstrates how important kinship was and, on the other hand, how family ties could also be a burden. This determinative element was in force in Bamberg, in Kalocsa as well as in Aquileia, and at the same time it had its disadvantages in all places, too. The intensifying hatred of the Hungarian court nobles against the Germans (or the German courtiers), one of the supposed causes of Queen Gertrude’s death and the fatal attack itself also interrupted Berthold’s career. Earlier he was not only the archbishop of Kalocsa but he also gained high ranks in the secular court, as he was for a while the ban of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia, the voivode of Transylvania, as well as the comes of Vienna and Bodrog. However, after his return in 1214 (since he fled the kingdom for a while as a consequence of the murderous act) he was not able to regain his previous secular political influence. Beside shortly summarising Berthold’s above career, the author of the article investigates in detail his ecclesiastical activity as an archbishop in the Kingdom of Hungary. The main research question presented in the paper was whether the church political ambitions of this high priest is to be suspected behind the debate between the archbishops of Esztergom and Kalocsa flaming rather out intensely again exactly during the time of Berthold’s presence in Hungary. 311
