Balogh Zoltán (szerk.): Neograd 2017. Tanulmányok a 70 éves Praznovszky Mihály tiszteletére - A Dornyay Béla Múzeum Évkönyve 40. (Salgótarján, 2017)
Régészet - Tóth Balázs: Fémleletek a Kárpát-medence szarmata korú szárazföldi gerinces faunájának kutatásában
of low precipitation (high frequency of Cricetodontini, low diversity of glirids, petauris- tids and absence of eomyids). The first evidences of aridity in the Sarmatian s. str. were provided by the evaporites. Gipsum, diatomite, sulphure, anhydrite seams were bedded in the hypersaline lagunas in Hungary. It was primary described by Jámbor (1976) in the vicinity of Budajenő. The exact correlation of the faunas of the Felsőtárkány-Felnémet section is not possible because the absence of invertebrate finds. The rodent faunas of this section show a transitional status between the Early Sarmatian faunas and the Late Sarmatian assemblages of the Felsőtárkány “Güdör-kert” section: Felsőtárkány 1, 2, 3/2. The last occurrence of moderately high crowned Cricetodontini (Cricetodon klariankae), the last occurrence of Democricetodon brevis and Megacricetodon germanicus is found in the Felsőtárkány-Felnémet section. However there are the first occurence of Collimys, which is the dominant element in the faunas of the Felsőtárkány Basin. Felsőtárkány 3/2 produced equally rich mollusc and rodent faunas. The mollusc material is referable to the Sarmatian. The biochronological position of the vertebrate fauna is debated. Some authors put it into the Sarmatian and in the MN 7+8 vertebrate Zone. Another group classify Felsőtárkány 3/2 as early Pannonian, MN9 Zone. Recently H ír et al (2016, 2017) correlated this assemblage with Hammerschmiede, which is the last fauna with Middle Miocene character in the Western Paratethys. The two uppermost positioned faunas of the Felsőtárkány Basin (Felsőtárkány 3/8 and 3/10) have Late Miocene elements: Glis vallesiensis, Microtocricetus molassicus, but Collimys dominancy is found in FT 3/10. At the beginning of the late Sarmatian s. str. a significant increase of humidity is observed, reaching the present day volumes. During the early pannonian (10.7 -9.7 MY) the rainfall exceeded the present day values by more than 200 % (so called „washouse climate”). The increase of humidity and decrease of temperature is mirrored in the composition of the faunas Felsőtárkány 3/2 and 3/10 with the diverse glirid, sciurid, petau- ristid, eomyid material. These animals left in a closed forest vegetation. Similar environmental changes are mirrored in the Sarmatian paleofloras. Nagy (2005) concludes that dry climatic events occured during the Sarmatian s. str. after the study of the pollen assemblages of Hidas-53, Tengelic -2 and Cserhátszentiván-1 boreholes because the presence of Ephedra, Ilex, Araliaceae and Chenopodiaceae. She also proposes that, during the Sarmatian s. str., the main part of the tropical vegetation disappeared and the mixed forests of the temperate zone pushed forward. A transitional region with warm-temperate climate developed at the margin of the subtropical belt with dry summers and chilly, rainy winters. Jiménez-Moreno (2006), Jiménez-Moreno et al (2005) reinvestigated the pollen assemblages of the borehole Tengelic 2 and Hidas 53. They described that during the late Badenian-Sarmatian the evergreen elements of the evergreen-deciduous mixed forests were progressively substituted by deciduous and mesothermic plants. A progressive climatic cooling was interpreted as a consequence of the Monterey Cooling Event. 501
