Balogh Zoltán – Fodor Miklós Zoltán (szerk.): Neograd 2013 - A Dornyay Béla Múzeum Évkönyve 37. (Salgótarján, 2014)

Régészet - Péntek Attila–Zandler Krisztián: Nyíltszíni levéleszközös telep Legénd-Rovnyán

The archaeological assemblage

The Palaeolithic industry is a typical flake-industry, the laminarity is very low, there are only two aurignacien-like retouched blades and two gravettian-like backed microblades (lamellás). There are no signs of the Levallois-debitage, the usage of the bifacial technique could be observed only at the leaf-shaped tools.

In the assemblage collected from the surface there are 54 formal tools mostly made of limnic quarzite. The Palaeolithic and younger Prehistoric stone tools were separated on strict techno-typological basis. We classified 46 tools belonging to the Palaeolithic industry.

Among the Palaeolithic formal tools we distinguished 4 fundamental tool categories. The given percentages have only informative value because of the fact that the number is less than 100.

There are altogether 16 pieces of flake endscrapers (34,78 %). There is a great raw material preference, 4 pieces were made of limnic quartzite, 1 piece of radiolarite and all the others of siliceous pebble. Morphologically the endscrapers are very variable, the most ones have a convex working edge. The Upper Palaeolithic endscraper types are represented by only 6 rather atypical pieces, there are 5 pieces of keeled (carénoid) endscrapers and 1 nosed endscraper. One small sized sub-circular endscraper resembles the so called „

Groszak” of the Micoquian industries. The lateral retouching is not so frequent, it occurs sometimes the ventral thinning of the proximal part and the elimination of the bulb. These phenomena are well known at the bohemian-moravian or bavarian Szeletian sites like Trbousany6 and Zeitiarn7 as well as in the Cserhát Mountains too, e.g. at Galgagyörk-Csonkás-hegy8 and Legénd-Káldy-tanya9.

One piece which could be classified perhaps as sidescraper has a very characteristic attribute typical for the Polish or German Micoquian industries (“Keilmessergruppe”), namely the so-called Prondnik-technique. Based on the the rich material of the Buhlen Cave Layer Illb Olaf Jöris has postulated the “Pradnik-Schaber”10 *. It is present at some archaic Szeletian sites in Moravia as Jezefany I. and II.11, too. We have another example in the Cserhát Mountains, a bifacial knife from the Szécsénke-Kis-Ferenc-hegy site12.

The tool category of the leaf-shaped, tools consists of 5 pieces (10,87 %). 3 pieces were made of siliceous pebble, 1 piece of limnic quartzite and 1 piece of „Szeletian felsitic porphyry”. Altogether 3 pieces could be interpreted as leaf-points. A common characteristic is the so-called “wechselseitig gleichgerichtete Kantenbearbeitung”13 which is a typical attribute of the late Middle Palaeolithic Micoquian culture and is not an alien phenomena in the early Szeletian culture. The 2 small sized leaf-points should be correlated to

6 HLADÍKOVÁ 2002, 78, Obr. 9:3,4,7.

7 SCHÖNWEISS-WERNER 1986, 10, Abb. 3:8; HEINEN-BECK 1997, 84, Abb. 7:5,6.

8 MARKÓ-PÉNTEK-BÉRES 2002, Fig 2.1, 2.4.

9 MARKÓ-PÉNTEK 2003-2004, Fig. 4.7.

10 JÖRIS 2001: Abb. 4.15; 4.16,1,3-5,7-11; 4.17,1-2)

" OLIVA 1979: 48.

12 PÉNTEK-ZANDLER 2013, 41.

13 BOSINSKI 1967.

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