A Nógrád Megyei Múzeumok Évkönyve XVI. (1990)

Tanulmányok - Hír János: A Mátra- és a Bükk-hegység fejlődéstörténeti vázlata a szarmata korszaktól a negyedidőszakig

ABSTRACT János Hir Sketch on the Land-surface development of the Mátra and Bükk Mountains from the Sarmatian to the Quaternary The Mátra and the Bükk Mountains are différent in their petrological building up, in their structure and in their Mesosoic andNeogene development. There are more common characteristics in the geomorphological history ofthe two mountains from the Sarmatian. In the Mátra the volcanic activity finished in the Sarmatian and a lifting up was beginned. So the two mountains were terrestric areafrom this âge. Différent „peneplains' ' were written by différent authors from the Mátra and the Bükk in the geomorphological literature in the sixties of Hungary (fig. 4.). Recently only the Bükk Plateau is regarded as tropical peneplain (transformed by the miocène abrasion). At the margin ofthe mountains pediment

förmed during the arid climate ofthe Pliocène. (This event was synchronous ofthe ,,Messinian salynity crisis' '.) This pediment is a sharp géomorphologie niveau which was slashed by fluvial Valleys in the Pleistocene. By the idea ofBALLA Z.—HAVAS L. (1982), (FIG. 6—7.) a trending fault сап be supposed between the western and eastern part ofthe Mátra Mountains. Along thisfult a left lateral slip were taken place in the Sarmatian and in the Pannonian. If s not the only paleovulcanic reconstruction ofthe Mátra (fig.5.). In the southern foreland ofthe mountains during the Upper Pannonian a lignitiferous séquence were bedded. On the top ofthis séquence there is cross-bedded sand which is the corrélative sédiment ofthe pediment for ming. Above the sand there is a séries ofred clays and red soils. On the top ofit we сап find the quaternary fluviatile séries with loess and fossile soils (fig. 10.). The carst surface ofthe Bükk Mountains was burried during the Miocène and Pliocène. The overlying séries (marine sand, rhyolite tuff, gravel) was eroded during the Pleistocene. The remains ofthis séries werefound in caves, dolines and swface localities. The oldest vertebrate fauna collectedfrom cave-sediment is Lower Pleistocene. Among the caves we сап distinguish an older and a younger génération. Lower Pleistocene and older Middle Pleistocene fillings werefound only in somé caves ofthe older génération. 285