Fülöp Éva – Cseh Julianna szerk.: „Die aktuellen Fragen des Mittelpaläolithikums in Mitteleuropa”. „Topical issues of the research of Middle Palaeolithic period in Central Europe”. Tata, 20-23 October 2003. (Tudományos Füzetek 12. Tata, 2004)

András Markó–Miklós Kázmér: The use of nummulitic chert in the Middle Palaeolithic in Hungary

them is atypical), a raclette, an atypical chopper and a retouched flake. From level k a single simple side-scraper on flake, from level k an angular side scraper and a couteau à dos were found. 2. The other industry with pebble working tradition originates from the Kiskevély Cave, in the Pilis Mountains, near Csobánka. It was the first cave site in Hungary, where systematic excavation was taken (Antal Koch, 1868), however archaeological material was collected only during the excavations of Jenő Hillebrand, in 1912-1914, In the fourth, brownish, clayey geological layer he exposed a fireplace containing a great quantity of burned bones and chipped stone artefacts. For the first time Hillebrand mentioned exclusively unifacial tools, analogous to the Mousterian site of Tata, later he classified the assemblage as 'Praesolutréen' or 'Protosolutréen' because of the only one leaf shaped implement, similar to the tools from the Jankovich cave, which was found above the level of the hearth.

12 After World War II László Vértes placed the age of the reddish brown layer into an interstadial period, probably to a humid phase of the Wi (e. g. Early Wurm) or to first half of the W1/2 (e, g. Interpleniglacial). He suggested that the leaf shaped scraper came into light from a distinct layer dating to the end of the W1/2 interstadial or the beginning (tundra phase) of the W2 stadial, and that it has nothing to do with the assemblage similar to the Tata-type Middle Palaeolithic industry.

13 V. GáboriCsánk placed both assemblages into the same, partly washed out layer; she identified the Mousterian finds by the lower culture layer of Erd and placed chronologically to the beginning of the Altwürm,

14 Based on the palaeontological data the age of the brownish layer was taken to the Subalyuk faunái phase (Lower Wurm), together with the Middle Palaeolithic pebble using industry from the Diósgyőr-Tapolca cave (I/3-4, H/3-5. layers),

15 Lambrecht Kálmán cave (Illrd, yellow layer), Érd-Parkváros and Tata-Porhanyó and finally with the upper layer complex of the Subalyuk cave.

16 In the collection of the Hungarian National Museum artefacts of Middle Palaeolithic type (Jankovichian and Mousterian) were made of quartzite, hydrothermal and radiolarite pebbles and nummulitic chert. During the inventorising these later ones were identified as Magdalenian and Mousterian. A double side-scraper, or raclette 12 HILLEBRAND 1935,15-16. 13 VÉRTES 1958.; 1959, 98-102.; 1965,111-112.; VÉRTES 1964, 216. 14 GÁBORI-CSÁNK 1993,32-36. 15 For recent data from this site and the age of the lowermost culture bearing layer see: RINGER-MONCEL 2002, and in this volume. 16 JÁNOSSY 1979,129., 136-137.; VÖRÖS 2000,188-189. 55