Fülöp Éva – Cseh Julianna szerk.: „Die aktuellen Fragen des Mittelpaläolithikums in Mitteleuropa”. „Topical issues of the research of Middle Palaeolithic period in Central Europe”. Tata, 20-23 October 2003. (Tudományos Füzetek 12. Tata, 2004)

Árpád Ringer–Marie-Hélene Moncer: The Taubachian from Diósgyőr-Tapolca cave (Hungary)

T = 2ç quartzporphyre porphyre quartz flint obsidian quartz-quartzite calcite ? fragments 10 i i Flakes 6 i 3 2 3 Cores i Pebble tools i Total i6 2 3 2 i 4 i Tools on flakes i I if Table 5: The lithic assemblage from the level 4 (trench II) The quartzporphyres and the porphyrites are the most frequent stones, while the flint, the radiolarites and the obsidian stay rare. All the raw materials, through the flakes and the cores, have been exploited by a same processing system. The debitage uses the stone shape from broken pebbles or plate stones (quadrangular blocks with traces of a river carrying). It takes place without first cortical removals and by crossed, unipolar and bipolar removals, on two opposed flaking surfaces or several orthogonal flaking surfaces. The use of the core edges explains the hight frequency of backed flakes. The kind of debitage also explains the large and thick flakes while the thin flakes and the laminar flakes are rare. The flakes are often broken, due to the numerous sublayers inside the blocks, sublayers which have been however used during the debitage. The flake shapes are consequently very various. The flake sizes are, for the most, between 10 and 50 mm long, except some flakes from 70 mm long. The debitage products in quartzporphyre and porphyrites are longer (20-40 mm) than the flint and obsidian ones (10-30 mm). It could be explained by the collecting of smaller obsidian blocks or a greatest intensity of the debitage of this stone due to its quality and the long distance origin. The "chaîne opératoire" is more or less complete according to the kind of stone. Through the cortical flakes and the cores, evidence exist that the quartzporphyre and the porphyrites have been totaly worked inside the site. The low frequency of the cortical flakes is due to the type of flaking which uses the cortical faces at the beginning of the debitage and eliminates it very quickly. On the other hand, the flint and the obsidian have been worked outside the cave, maybe on the stone sources. The obsidian flakes are in general small (10-20 mm) and have been brought as flakes inside the site (rare cortical flakes). For the quartz and the quartzite artefacts, the cortical flakes show a debitage which certainly took place inside the cave but the small number of the artefacts disturbs a fine study. Whatever, more than 60% of the stones have been worked in the site. The technological patterns are common for the whole assemblages, whatever their origin, inside and outside the cave. 165