Demény István: Dél-Amerika és az Antarktisz-félsziget (2008) / 1060-2008

SflNew Zealand 150°W R (http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php? CkTendenc P

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0_°_S_l 50 0 WJ to 160°E p (http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php? params=60_0_S J 60 0 EJ 1923 tfé: Norway Queen Maud Land 44°38'E (http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php? param s=60_0_S_44_3 8_EJ to 20°W (http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php? param s=60 0 S 20 0 WJ 1939 tfé: Norway Peter I Island 68°50'S 90°35'W (http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php? params=68 50 S 90 35 WJ 1929 1908 United Kingdom British Antarctic Territory 20° W (http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php? param s=60 0 S 20 0 W J to 80°W (http://tooIs.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php? params=60 0 S 80 0 WJ 1929 1908 NONE Unclaimed territory 90° W (http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php? params=60_0_S_90_0_W J to 150°W (http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php? params=60_0_S 150_0_W J The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap. Australia has the greatest claim of Antarctic territory. Germany also maintained a claim to Antarctica, known as New Swabia, between 1939 and 1945. It was situated from 20°E (http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?params=60_0_S_20_0_EJ to 10° W (http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?params=60_0_S 1 0_0_W J, overlapping Norway's claim. Economy Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they exist in quantities too small to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources. In 1998 a compromise agreement was reached to add a 50-year ban on mining until the year 2048, further limiting economic development and exploitation. The primary agricultural activity is the capture and offshore trading of fish. Antarctic fisheries in 2000-01 reported landing 112,934 tonnesJ

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3! The illegal capture and sale of the Patagonian toothfish has led to several arrests. Pictured here is the Antarctic toothfish, a sister species. Small-scale tourism has existed since 1957 and is currently self-regulated by International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO). However, not all vessels have joined the IAATO. Several ships transport people into Antarctica for specific scenic locations. A total of 27,950 tourists visited in the 2004-05 Antarctic summer with nearly all of them coming from commercial ships. The number is predicted to increase to over 80,000 by 2010.'

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5' There has been some recent concern over the adverse environmental and ecosystem affects caused by the influx of visitors. A call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota have been made by both environmentalists and scientists.^

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6' Antarctic sight seeing flights (which did not land) operated out of Australia and New Zealand until the fatal crash of Air New Zealand Flight 901 in 1979 on Mount Erebus, and resumed from Australia in the mid-1990s. » * i ÍS£| m Antarctic postal services. Transport