Gulyás Katalin et al. (szerk.): Tisicum. A Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok megyei Múzeumok évkönyve 28. (Szolnok, 2020)
Történettudomány - Novák László Ferenc: Nagykőrös szerepe a száz éve megalakult Tanácsköztársaság honvédő háborújában 1919
NOVÁK LÁSZLÓ FERENC: NAGYKŐRÖS SZEREPE A SZÁZ ÉVE MEGALAKULT TANÁCSKÖZTÁRSASÁG HONVÉDŐ HÁBORÚJÁBAN 1919. TAMÁSI Áron 1967. Czímeresek. Tamás Áron Válogatott Művei 7. Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, Budapest. TONELLI Sándor 1939. A franciák Szegeden. Acta Universitatis Szegediensis Tom. VII. Fase. 1. Szeged. László Ferenc Novák: The role of Nagykőrös in the defensive war of the 100-year-old Hungarian Soviet Republic In the middle of the four-year-long WWI, a grave situation already presented itself in Austria-Hungary’s organization. The Entente (French and English) powers, having suffered heavy losses, decided to break down Hungary. As a result, the Romanian royal army attacked Transylvania in 1916, meanwhile the Italians launched an attack against the Slovenian border area (Isonzó). The German troops beat the Romanians off from Transylvania, but in the Istrian Dolomites stationary warfare commenced, resulting in massive human casualties. Hungarians suffered huge losses for alien (Austrian, Habsburg) interests. Russia left the war in 1917, the eastern front practically ceased to exist. Nonetheless, the state of war remained. The Hungarian army became demoralized in the meaningless warfare, and at the same time the Monarchy’s bodies of security (interior, counter-espionage) did not stop the separatist aspirations of the Czechs and did not punish Romania for its betrayal. The army that had fallen apart could not prevent the French colonial army from breaking into the Balkan, with the Serbians occupied not only the Bácska and the Bánát, but even Szeged. The Entente and especially the French, as Hungary’s sworn enemy, let the Romanians loose, who occupied Transylvania and Partium, and also the Czech interventionists, who stirred up people of Slovak ethnicity living in Hungary, who also attacked the north. Mihály Károlyi’s government, appointed by Charles IV, the last Habsburg monarch, had failed. In these anarchistic times, communist and social democratic political forces gained power, and as a result, on March 21, 1919, the red dictatorship began as the Hungarian Soviet Republic. The communist forces coming to power served as another reason and possibility for the Entente to drive the Romanians and Czechs to invade Hungary. The Hungarian Soviet Republic was forced into action. They organized the Red Army to protect the country. After coming over the initial hardships and chaos, the new army became operational and strong. Due to the Romanian invasion, the headquarters of the VI. corps was relocated from the Tiszántúl (Transtisza) to Nagykőrös, where the recruitment, equipment, and strengthening of combat morale of the 31 infantry regiments took place. This was the army that beat off the attacks of Czech legionaries in the region of Érsekújvár-Kassa-Munkács and successfully marched toward the High Tatras. The „Parisian peace conference”, with the lead of the Entente and the French president Clemeceau, fraudulently prevented the pushing forward of the Red Army, making the promise that the Hungarian Soviet Republic was going to participate in the peace talks and would get the regions of the Tiszántúl back from the Romanians. The Red Army was made to fall back and was commanded to the region of Szolnok, where during the initial successes it managed to push the Romanian army back, but due to the enemy’s numerical superiority, bad military supply, sabotage and demoralization it had to fall back and ceased to fight. The Romanian army went over the Tisza and on August 4, it marched into the capital, Budapest, without resistance. On this day Nagykőrös was also occupied, and was only left on November 17. Nagykőrös also fell under Romanian occupation, also on August 4. General Mo§oiu’s army, counting several thousand soldiers, marched out from the city pillaged and ransacked by the Romanian army on November 17. 193
