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Régészettudomány - Csányi Marietta: Kik voltak ők és honnan jöttek? Abszolőt időrendi adatokból leszűrhető következtetések a jánoshidai késő bronzkori temetőben

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MÜLLER, Johannes - LOHRKE, Brigitte

2009. Neue absolutchronologische Daten für die süddeutsche Hügelgräberbronzezeit. Germania 87.1. kötet. Verlag Philipp von Zabern Frankfurt a.m. 25-38.

REIMER PJ, BARD E, BAYLISS A, BECK JW, BUCKWELL PG, BRONK RAMSEY C, BUCK CE, CHENG H, EDWARDS RL, FRIEDRICH M, GROOTES PM, GUILDERSON TP, HAFLIDASON H, HAJDAS I, HATTÉ CH, HEATON TJ, HOFFMANN DL, HOGG AG, HUGHEN KA, KAISER KF, KROMER B, MANNING SW, NIU M, REIMER RW, RICHARDS DA, SCOTT EM, SOUTHON JR, STAFF RA, TURNEY CSM, van der PLICHT J.

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1896. Szomolányi ásatások. Archaeológiai Értesítő 16 (1896) 109- 118

SOMOGYVÁRI Ágnes

1990. Bronzkori és Árpád-kori temetkezések Kiskunfélegyháza-Pákán. In: Múzeumi Kutatások Bács-Kiskun megyében. Kecskemét. 13-26.

TROGMAYER Ottó

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TOCIK, Anton

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MARIETTA CSÁNYI:

WHO WERE THEY AND WHERE DID THEY COME FROM CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGICAL DATA IN THE CEMETERY OF JÁNOSHIDA FROM THE LATE BRONZE AGE

In the cemetery of Jánoshida, already known from a few publications, ISOTOPTECH LTD. examined the anthropological matter of ten graves with radiocarbon dating. The knowledge of absolute dates gained from the examination made it possible to analyse the findings and phenomena of these ten graves from new perspectives, (table 1.) Out of the ten graves, due to deliberate selection, eight graves represent the early period of the cemetery and the other two a younger phase, based on the findings. This chronology, later verified by the 14C data as well, was originally supported by the superposition as the consequence of two double burials (13/b and 140. graves)

In the burials in question, the dead of the 25. and 113. graves were placed into the grave on their backs, in contrast with the other skeletons in flexed positions. The individual in the 113. grave presumably had the title of a prince of the community, a male of the age of 22-25, and the individual in grave 25., also found on her back, was a female of 25-35. There were bronze rings on the toes of both of the dead as attributes displaying their titles. We can draw the conclusion that they earned this type of burial, unique in the whole cemetery, by their social status. The identity of the data of their radiocarbon dating, the similarity of their age and the difference in their sexes makes it probable that they had a relationship in life.

With the modelling of the radiocarbon data it was possible to determine that the burials of the dead of the ten graves took place in the period of 80 or 47 years, (graph 1 -4) We can accept these numbers, since the time period of usage of the whole cemetery (289 individuals) was estimated to be 100 years by traditional archaeological methods.

The radiocarbon data bring up another important question. The graves examined here, that are also the earliest burials of the cemetery, got into the ground around 1500 BC. This rather early date is linked to our cultures of the middle Bronze Age, the ending period of the life of tells. We can draw the conclusion from this fact that communities of unknown origin, that had roots in the material and spiritual culture of our local middle Bronze Age, although showing completely new features, took over our plain territories already at the end of the life of the tells.

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