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Régészeti tanulmányok - Kovács Katalin: Településszerkezeti sajátosságok Kenderes–Kulis kora rézkori lelőhelyén: az elmúlt évtizedek kutatási eredményei
KOVÁCS KATALIN: TELEPÜLÉSSZERKEZETI SAJÁTOSSÁGOK KENDERES-KULIS KORA RÉZKORI LELŐHELYÉN: AZ ELMÚLT ÉVTIZEDEK KUTATÁSI EREDMÉNYEI IRODALOM BOGNÁR-KUTZIÁN, Ida 1972. The Early Copper Age Tiszapolgár Culture in the Carpathian Basin. Budapest. BRUMMACK, Sven-DIACONESCU, Drago? 2014. A Bayesian approach to the AMS dates for the Copper Age in the Great Hungarian Plain, (hely?) DIACONESCU, Dragos 2014. Considerations conserning the chronology of the early Copper Age Tiszapolgár culture. In: Praehistorische Zeitschrift 89 (2). 219-241. GYUCHA Attila 2015. Prehistoric village social dynamics. The Early Copper Age in the Körös Region. Budapest. GYUCHA Attila-BÁCSMEGI Gábor-FOGAS Ottó-PARKINSON, William A. 2006 House construction and settlement patterns on an Early Copper Age site in the Great Hungarian Plain. In: Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungaricae, 5-28. 2007. Építéstechnikai és településtörténeti megfigyelések egy alföldi kora rézkori lelőhelyen. In: A Békés Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 30.67-110. GYUCHA Attila-PARKINSON, William A-YERKES, Richard W. 2004. kora rézkori településkutatás a Dél-Alföldön. Előzetes jelentés a Körös Regionális Régészeti Program 1998-2002 között végzett munkájáról. In: Studia Archaeologica X. 25-52. PARKINSON, William A-YERKES, Richard W.-GYUCHA Attila 2002. The Neolithic-Copper Age Transition on the Great Hungarian Plain: Recent Excavations at theTiszapolgár culture Settlement of Vésztő-Bikeri. In: Antiquity 76.619-620. 2004. The Transition from the Neolithic to the Copper Age: Excavations at Vésztő-Bikeri, Hungary, 2000-2002. In: Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 29,2002-2004.1001-121. PARKINSON, William A.-YERKES, Richard W.-GYUCHA AttilaSARRIS, Apostolos-MORRIS, Margaret-SALISBURY, Roderick B. 2010. Early Copper Age Settlements in the Körös Region of the Great Hungarian Plain. In: Journal of Fiel Archaeology, Vol. 35, No. 2,164-183. RACZKY, Pál-ANDERS, Alexandra 2012. Neolithic enclosures in Eastern Hungary and their survival into Copper Age. In: Neolithische Kreisgrabenanlagen in Europa - Neolithic Circular Enclosures in Europe. (Eds.: BERTEMES, Frangois-MELLER, Harald.) Tagungen des Landesmuseums fürVorgeschichte Halle Band 6. Halle. 315-353. RACZKY, Pál-SIKLÓSI, Zsuzsanna 2013. Re-consideration of the Copper Age chronology of the eastern Carpathian Basin: a Bayesian approach. In: Antiquity 87.555- 573. RACZKY, Pál-ANDERS, Alexandra-SIKLÓSI, Zsuzsanna 2014. Trajectories of Centinuity and Change between the late Neolithic and the Copper Age in Eastern Hungary. In: The Neolithic and Eneolithic in Southeast Europe. Ney approaches to dating and cultural dynamics in the 6th to 4th millenium BC. (Eds.: SCHIER, Wolfram-DRA$OVEAN, Florin). Prähistorische Archäologie in Südosteuropa. Band 28. Rahden-Westf. 319-346. SARRIS, Apostolos-GALETY, Michael L.-YERKES, Richard W.-PAR- KINSON, William A.-GYUCHA Attila-BILLINGSLEY, Doc M.-TATE, Robert 2004. Geophysical prospection and soil chemistry at the Early Copper Age settlement of Vésztő-Bikeri, Southeastern Hungary. In: Journal of Archaeological Sciencen 31.927-939. YERKES, Richard W.-SARRIS, Apostolos-FLORKING, Tod-PARKIN- SON, William A.-GYUCHA Attila-HARDY, Meredith-CATANOSO, Luigi 2007. Geophisical and Geochemical Investigations at Two Early Copper Age Settlements in the Körös River Valley, Southeastern Hungary. In: Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, Vol. 22, No. 8,845-871. Katalin Kovács The Characteristics of Settlement Structure at the Early Copper Age Site Kenderes-Kulis. The Results of Research Conducted in the Past Decades The paper presents an early Copper Age site, where archaeological investigations conducted with three different purposes in three different periods provided an opportunity to examine the settlement structure. In 1962 and 2008 archaeological excavations were carried out at the site, and in 2014 it was examined with topographic research comprising of field survey and geophysical survey. Based on the results, Kenderes-Kulis was a small site measuring less than 1 ha. It was a fortified settlement of the Tiszapolgár Culture. The settlement was surrounded with a ditch and a double palisade, within which a few houses must have been built. The outline of the surrounding ditch is known only in the north and in the south. It has a diameter of about 100 m. The ditch must have had an entrance located in the south. Inside the ditch there was a palisade approximately 70 m in diameter, which consisted of two parallel, narrow trenches about 1.5 m apart. The trenches were not made in the geometric centre of the external ditch, but were shifted to the north. The magnetic survey detected anomalies suggesting pits, buildings and other features within the palisade. One of the houses was uncovered in 1962: it was a rectangular, post-structured building measuring 5x9 m, directed northeast-southwest. Another building with the remains of wattle and daub was identified during the field survey. There were only a few features between the two trenches, which can be interpreted as pits, while outside the external ditch there were not any features. Based on the stratigraphic observations, the lifespan of this Tiszapolgár settlement lasted a few generations. After its abandonment, it must have been used as burial place in the subsequent, Bodrogkeresztúr period, as it is suggested by some graves discovered during the disturbance of the site in 1961 and the excavation in 1962. 63
