Csányi Marietta et al. (szerk.): Tisicum - A Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Múzeumok Évkönyve 25. (Szolnok, 2016)
Településrégészet - Mali Péter: Changing settlement patterns int he Bronze Age Tiszazug
TISICUM XXV. - TELEPÜLÉSRÉGÉSZET Legend * Tumulus Culture * Tumulus and Gáva culture ■ Pregáva and Gáva culture * Late Bronze Age unknown culture Soil types Fluvial dayl CH Fluvial day2 HR Fluvial day3 I ’ :l Fluvial aleuritel 1 I Fluvial aleurite2 I: rfi H Fluvial aleurite3 Fluvial sand I I Fluvial sediment I I Drift I I Drift3 EÜ Infused loess 1Ü Loess Figure 7: Late Bronze Age sites - elevation modell Istvánháza-puszta cluster losing the very tip, but gaining a new site to the east, the eastern Szelevény cluster gaining four new sites to the already existing and surviving two, the Csipsapart cluster having six new sites, but the old settlement sites being abandoned. The lone site of Kunszentmárton-Nagy-érpart, now has four more sites around, with new site concentrations in Cibakháza, Nagyrév, three concentrations in Öcsöd’s northern part and several lone sites along the Körös and Tisza high banks11 and more importantly on the small, low ‘isles’ of the flood areas, where no former Bronze Age cultures settled. The difference in the climate makes it easier to identify some unknown Late Bronze Age sites. Out of the 33 sites of Late Bronze Age but of unknown culture, nine11 12 are definitely Gáva or Pregáva sites as they are situated in the small heights of the flood areas. The rest are harder to identify as the main habitational criteria and settlement concentrations are the same, so the remaining unknown period Late Bronze Age sites remain so until further field research. 11 One such site (Tiszakürt-Tópart) was probed in 2015. showing a scarce habitation. (SZILÁGYI Márton 2016.141.) 12 Tiszakürt-Kisföldek II; Tiszasas-Láp-part I; Csépa-Csipsapart II; Szelevény- Szelevényi-rét I; Kunszentmárton-Nagy-ér partja IX; Öcsöd-Kincstáriföldek I; Öcsöd-Vásárháti-dűlő II; Mesterszállás-Alsó I. és II. Elevation data for each period Makó sites are situated on the highest altitude, at an average of 88,8 metres. The actual elevation data is varied, but the lowest altitude is 84,5 metres which is the highest in the Bronze Age and it goes up to 96 metres. The mean data is better for comparison as extreme, unique instances can skew the results if we look at absolute datas. The mean of the site’s lowest altitude in the earliest period of the Bronze Age is 86,6 metres, while the highest is 89,5 metres. This is very close to the data that can be achieved by looking at the spread of the means of all Makó sites in the region, which gives us the number that the site means are spread inside 3,1 metres of altitude. The most important note from this is that there is only a very small chance of finding Makó sites under 84,5 metres. Combining this with the soil coverage, a narrow site placement can be seen, as all of the sites are situated on the edges of loess and sand plateaus above 84,5 metres, with altitude means between 85 and 90 metres. Later phases of the Early Bronze Age are less standardised. The early Hatvan and Nagyrév sites start at 81 metres and range to 92 metres. The mean altitude of the sites is 2 metres lower than the previous period, only 86,8 metres, but the spread of site averages are smaller, only 2,6 metres. The cause of this is the lack of really outstanding data from the top of the plateaus where the Makó sites were situated. The conclusion is that after 292
