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Gábor V. Szabó

Bronze hoard containing fishhooks rom the hillfort of Telkibánya-Cser-hegy

Telkibánya-Cser-hegy is one of the four known Late Bronze-Iron Age fortified settlement of the Zemplén Mountains, Northeast-Hungary. We managed to uncover 5 bronze hoards and 160 stray finds on the site during our bronze hoard research programme. All of the hoards found here can be dated to the HaA1 period.

The 2. hoard contained seven large hooks with forked tip and suspension loop at the end. The hoard of hooks was laid to rest in an approx. 200 metres circle in the south-eastern quadrant, a frequently inhabited section of the prehistoric settlement along with hoards 3., 4., 5. A well recognisable small pit in 25 cm depth was made for the bundle of hooks. There was no sign of use or wear from tying on the hooks.

The 1. hoard that was found further away contained hooks as well: in this hoard there were four large hook, socketed axes, fragments of a spear, a bracelet and bronze pieces.

In the Hungarian ethnographic material, the hooks of similar size and form were used for fishing larger catfishes (Silurus glanis). In the archaeological material, this large hook type appears mostly in the Carpathian Basin. The datable samples of this hook type can be put in the HaA1 period.

Hoards containing similar hooks are probably part of a certain hoarding pattern, where the number and type of the artefacts along with the location of the hoard had an exact meaning to the community participating in the process.

The Telkibánya site could be the settlement of central importance in the Northern region of the Zemplén Mountains in the HaA period according to the bronze finds.

The hoarding of the special hooks used for fishing large predatory fishes here can mean, that the local community’s territory, or their area of resources ranged to rivers where the fishing of such large fishes were possible, like the Hernád or more likely the Bodrog.

On rivers further away from the settlement, we can count on seasonal fishing of the larger catfishes that were valuable protein source.

Another possible interpretation can be, that the hooks were deposited not by the locals but by representatives of a community or group, living farther, that only came to the hillfort on the occasion of a celebration or ritual.

If we accept either version, than the appearance of the bronze hooks here means that the hill settlement of Telkibánya-Cser-hegy was a meeting place or ritual, maybe political, economic centre for a community or communities using different ecological regions.

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