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Régészeti tanulmányok - Koós Judit: Öntőformák–öntött formák. Újabb adatok a Füzesabony-kultúra fémművességéhez Északkelet-Magyarországon
KOÓS JUDIT: ÖNTŐFORMÁK - ÖNTÖTT FORMÁK. ÚJABB ADATOK A FÜZESABONY-KULTÚRA FÉMMŰVESSÉGÉHEZ ÉSZAKKELET-MAGYARORSZÁGON Judit Koós Moulds and casts New data on the metalworking of the Füzesabony culture in Northeast Hungary Between 2005 and 2007 a 40000 m2 area of a single-layer settlement dated to the Füzesabony culture was excavated as part of a large- scale research at Nagyrozvágy - Pap-domb (Bodrogköz, Borsod- Abaúj-Zemplén County). First results of the evaluation have proven our hypothesis that the site has an outstanding significance in the research concerning the latest period of the Middle Bronze Age Füzesabony culture. In terms of the entire assemblage, we are in the fortunate position that during the excavation not only a vast amount of bronze jewels and tools (all of them previously published) but also several pieces of casting moulds were uncovered. Present study focuses on the presentation and evaluation of these moulds and a further attempt is made to compare them to the bronze objects of the site. Moulds from the settlement were used to cast crescent-shaped Koszider pendants with a spiked central member, spiked tutuli, hemispherical headed needles, socketed chisels, nail-head needle (Nagelkopfnadel) and an unknown form with a V-shape groove in the middle. Furthermore, burnished imprints of pendants and a needle can be found on the cover of one of the moulds. The moulds were made of rhyolite tuff, which can be originated from the area of Sátoraljaújhely and Mád. The excavation of the Nagyrozvágy - Pap-domb site allows us important insights into the metalworking at single-layer settlements of the Füzesabony culture. Beyond the information provided on moulds and bronzeworking, the significance of the site is that this is the first settlement from the end of the Middle Bronze Age in Eastern Hungary wherenegative forms were found together with their corresponding cast bronze items (similar find situation has only been known from Dunaújváros - Kosziderpadlás in Transdanubia). The appearance of the Koszider type bronze pendant (Tab. 6.3.) and the two moulds (Tab. 1.1a, 2a) in the same assemblage proves that bronze casting workshops were present not only in large settlements, but also in smaller sites where average knowledge craftsmen worked. Neither the settlement size at Nagyrozvágy, nor the amount of bronze items and moulds found there suggests large scale industrial activity. This assemblage can also be important when it comes to understanding the social structure of Bronze Age settlements, since it allows us to envision the metalworking conditions of the time as well as the role of bronze production occupied in the life of Middle Bronze Age settlements. Based on the object types found at Nagyrozvágy, we can assume that it was a smaller settlement where local metalworking masters made jewellery that was less decorative and more fitting for day-to-day life, as well as tools necessary for everyday labour. 107
