Gulyás Katalin – Horváth László – Kaposvári Gyöngyi szerk.: Tisicum - A Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Múzeumok Évkönyve 20. (2011)

Régészet - Cseh János: Kelta megtelepedés régészeti emlékei Kengyel-Kiss-tanyánál (Adatok a la Téne világ üvegkarpereceinek és kaszakarikáinak ismeretéhez)

CSEH JÁNOS: KELTA MEGTELEPEDÉS RÉGÉSZETI EMLÉKEI KENGYEL-KISS-TANVÁNÁL 148. 12. ábra és 149. 13. ábra; Cseh János: Késő vaskori tanyatelepülések Kengyel határában. Falufigyelő, 7. évfolyam, 4. szám. Mesterszállás, 1996. április. 8. 1. kép és 9. 3. kép balra; Kriveczky Béla: A vaskor. Vendégségben őseink háza táján. Állandó régészeti kiállítás a Szolnoki Damjanich János Múzeumban. Szerkesztette: Madaras László, Kertész Róbert és Polgár Zoltán közreműködésével. Szolnok, 1996. 56.; Cseh János: Egy késő vaskori ház Kengyel határából (Adalékok a kelta telepépítmények ismeretéhez). MÍ2MOL, I. „Fiatal Őskoros Kutatók" I. Összejövetelének konferenciakötete. Debrecen, 2001. 253.; Cseh János: Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok megye kelta településeinek katasztere (1899/1961-2009). Szolnok, 2009.; Cseh János: Kelet-Magyarország kelta telepobjektum katasztere (1895-2008). Szolnok, 2009. (Jelen munka 2008 júniusára készült el. A tárgyfotókat Kozma Károly készítette.) János Cseh Archaeological remains of a Celtic settlement at KengyelKiss-tanya (Data to the knowledge of the glass bracelets and scythe ferrules in the La Tène world) The archaeological research of that Celtic small settlement (Einzelhofsiedlung or Gehöft) can look back - as time goes on - already upon two decades, which has been singled out by me for publication in the frame of present paper. In the autumn of 1990, during September there were unearthed three settlement features (two sunken-floored houses and a pit with outside floor level?) - by my own hands - in the vicinity of the Kisstanya (farm-/homestead) to be found on the southern fringes of village Kengyel, along the high bank. The peasant farm seeming as if a little one closes, practically speaking, that row of Late Iron Age dwelling-places which begins not too far off the foot of the windmill hillock at Baghymajor (a small settlement of today) and is somewhere up to this point. By way of introduction as mere statistical data: the Celtic site is enumerating approx. 500 archaeological finds-with less ceramics than half of them. Inside the pottery, the proportion of the wheel-turned ware is 71% and that of the hand-made one 29% (now without further details). In turn I account itemized the else objects: glass bracelet, iron ferrule to scythe, iron object, flint blade, obsidian, spindle-disc of shard, stone mace-head, millstone, grinding stone, simple stone, slag, clay oven-top (to be said oven floor as well), wattle and daub, animal bone, antler, fish bone (self-evidently age of some finds is undecided). Feature B. The settlement feature composed of a pit as northern one and remains of floor-like part on the southern side, while, however, the previous is undoubtedly Celtic, the latter is perhaps problematical. The pit had round format or shape and was of 2,2x2,1 m size. Its side-wall can be described vertical, its bottom being max. 100 cm deep testacean (in two parts). The treaded down surface was 2x1,1 m in dimension. Feature C. This foundation of a hut having been massive also in its digging in was excavated by me as an indisputable, true Eastern Celtic pit-house: it had rectangular shape, 4,8x4,2 m size, northwest-southeast longitudinal axis and max. 60 cm depth. As its characteristical element/piece was documented the earthen step or bank (Lehmbank) running by the southern side. Three-four post-places, as well as a smaller pit were unfolded on the floor. The line of the main structural element post-holes was, as typical Celtic feature, shifted southwards, i.e. the bank. Feature D. The vicissitudes or conditions of the nature - erosion of soil - have saved only lesser parts of it for the posterity. It was a cottage house dug into the ground, vestiges of which could merely be documented in 2,8x1,5 m dimension. The side walls rose up to 10 cm. On its bottom (floor) besides the middle-situated post-place, I found also an inner small pit. In the pottery material or evidence of the little settlement from the La Tène Period, three categories can be distinguished or separated which are customary ones. Of overriding importance is a biconical, carinated deep bowl (so-called S-profile) being reconstructed, naturally in fine clay and made on potter's wheel. Several other fragments are connecting then to this type of vessels showing different profiles. Pot- or urn-like potter's ware, more markedly, it appears, occurs only once. On some sherds (from bowls) can be seen inside wavy-line polished decoration. Distinct group of graphited clay situla vessels having made on wheel includes rims with D-form and fragments of vertical grooved surface (Kammstrich). The pieces originating from pots shaped by free hands of coarse/rough clay have rendered the identifying of only one type possible, that of the barrel form. There is to be found example for the simple finger-impress, rib with the same and knot application/handle. Appendix of the paper is a passage about a glass bracelet and an iron ring of scythe, both being extremely instructive regarding the life of the Celts in the Middle Tisza Region. On the territory of the county, after my collection/survey, glass or lignite armlets have come to light at ten sites - for the most part in fragments and on settlements. Typological and chronological etc. position of the bracelet of Kengyel may expressly be defined on the authority of recent, modern special literature. By means of it the whole settlement is to be dated to La Tène C2 subperiod (2

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d century B.C.), of course with considerable allowance towards the former and later decades. The iron ring of a scythe - utilized at fitting the blade and the shaft together - (to that there is a citation from the great work of Plinius the Elder, História Naturalis) is a rather rare find on the Great Hungarian Plain in this period. From elsewhere its series are well-known, mainly in the archaeological material of the oppida. It is contributing to the knowledge on the set of implements having been used, for mowing, in the agriculture. (translated by the author)