Benedek Csaba – H. Bathó Edit – Gulyás Katalin – Horváth László – Kaposvári Gyöngyi szerk.: Tisicum - A Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Múzeumok Évkönyve 14. (2004)

Archaeological Field-Works in the Tiszazug in Spring Of The Year 1986

JÁNOS CSEH Archaeological field-works in the Tiszazug in spring of the year 1986 To the Sarmatian, Gepid and Avar settlement-history of Tiszainoka, Tiszakürt and Cserkeszőlő villages Ten years ago I carried on a short-winded, only one day long archaeological prospecting/field-work in the fields of Tiszainoka village, along the Tisza river in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. This happened on 24th March in the year 1986. Really the (re)finding of a Gepidic settlement of the Early Migration Age — 6th century — was giving inspiration for me to performance of the work. Consequently the aim was the identiffication of its place. The site had been already known before the research on the strenght of the data being in the Museum Damjanich of Szolnok town (informations and finds originating in the field-work carried out by Nándor Kalicz in the years 1952—1953). After all I looked not only this fmdspot up, but it was passed through by me the sections of the surrounding high-bank situated to the south-east from there. These places lie in a zone being 2500—3000 m long roughly counting, in the southern region of the administrative territory of Tiszainoka to be extended in long form on a west-eastern axis. This is being in the direction of north-east-south-west crossed by the public road No. 44. In the course of the work it came about that I was also gathering data up to one-one site to the archaeological topography of the neighbouring villages, to that of Tiszakürt and Cserkeszőlő. The searched through area has served with numerous lessons in terms of geography, morphology, hydrology and pedology (soil research). Here two old, abandoned and dry Tisza-beds are interlocked with one another. It is evident that one of them in an earlier, the other in a younger period was the bed of the living Tisza river. The one being nearer to the present-day village appears as if more strikingly marked, in the lowland — Téglás Lapos resp. Búzás Sziget Laposa — with its 81—82 m height above sea level. The bank of the river-bed to be broken in L-shape is on level of 86—87 m. This must be the younger, since it had been become blocked by a definite bank (so-called "maiágy" in Hungarian) from the other bed-section where already archaeological site can be found(?). This latter is connecting — according to the sense — with the former towards the south-east. Although its outer bank is significant, the inner one seems to be so much the lower, the bed itself is less deep-lying (of Old Holocene Age). On the side of the terrain sections called Reksza, Szajka Halom and Hangács the soil of open country i.e. field nature is being turned into sand surface. I begun the field-work carrying on in the midst of comparatively good conditions on the high ground being at about 300—400 m from the outside houses of the village. Following the L-shaped curve of the high-bank I went over the inner side of the older river-bed — crossed the public road No. 44. After that the assembling of the data on the surface was continued by me farther, on the opposite bank, but now backwards, advanced in the direction of the north-west, to the mentioned highway. Considening all things I took down eleven archaeological findspots which, however, as a rule, must be regarded approximates, merely ones of informing character. (They must be by all means compared with the results of the MRT-works.) (Translation by the author) 47