Madaras László – Tálas László – Szabó László szerk.: Tisicum - A Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Múzeumok Évkönyve 9. (1996)
Csányi Marietta: Újabb adat kelet-magyarországi kora bronzkorunkhoz
MARIETTA CSÁNYI NEW DATA TO THE EARLY BRONZE AGE OF EAST HUNGARY During earthwork five refuse pits dating from the Bronze Age were disturbed to the south of Tiszakürt village along the east ridge of the formerly called Tisza-meander in the area called Rét-part or Homoki-szőlő. (Fig. 1, 2, 3) 10 . The material recovered from the pits belongs to the Early Bronze Age. The finds seem to date back to a period preceding the development of tell settlements. The material excavated from this site seems to be the only representative of this period in the area of Middle-Tisza so far, therefore the following interpretation of the site may add further data to our knowledge of this early period. Description of the finds and the observations made at the site 11 Pit 1 Circular-shaped, 2.30 m in diameter. It was narrowed at the bottom in the north side of the pit (1.30 m in diameter). After the removal of the humus layer the pit was 40 cm deep at its shallowed and 120 cm deep at its deepest point. Finds: PI. I 1—4., pi. XV 1^l. 12 Pit 2 Circular but slightly irregular in shape, 1,80 in diameter and 53 cm deep after the removal of the top-soil. Finds: PI. II. 1—8., pi. XV. 2—3., 5—7. Pit 3 An oval-shaped refuse pit. 130x180 cm at the top, 80x140 cm at the bottom, 52 cm deep after the removal of humus. Finds: PI. Ill—XI, pi. XIII. 1—3, pi. XV. 8—26., pi. XV. 1—2, 4—5., 7—11. Pit 4 Approx. circular in shape, 1—1.20 m in diameter, 40 cm deep after the removal of the humus layer. Finds: PI. XII. 1—9., pi. XIV, 12—16. Pit 5 Approx. circular in shape, 1.20—1.50 m in diameter, 35 cm deep after the removal of the top-soil. Finds: PI. XIII. 4—15., pi. XIV. 1-6., pi. XVI. 18—19. Interpretation The site, according to its finds, can be unambiguously assigned to the Early Bronze Age. Taking into account the observations made in connection with the traces of the settlement and the finds themselves it can be concluded that the material found in the site closely relates to Mako Culture and also shows characteristic features of the spacial and temporal neighbours of the above mentioned culture. Among the phenomena observed on the site the most striking is that the objects were very scattered. During the earthwork which covered some hectares only the five above mentioned objects were found. The pits were relatively scattered extending over a larger area. On the basis of this observation it can be assumed that the area was neither densely populated nor inhabited for a long time. The pits, similarly to other sites of this period, reflect that no settlement occurred and that the area was populated only for a short time. Traces of houses cannot be detected in the excavated area. This observation is not unique at all and corresponds with the observations made at other sites belonging to the same period. The material assigned to the Mako Culture, apart from some uncovered cemeteries, has been found in pits and only some of the objects have been interpreted as houses. 15 " 19 The site, according to the phenomena referring to settlement, undoubtedly belongs to the Mako 7A
