Madaras László – Tálas László – Szabó László szerk.: Tisicum - A Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Múzeumok Évkönyve 9. (1996)

Róbert Kertész: A New Site of the Northern Hungarian Plain Mesolithic Industry in the Jászság Area (Jászberény IV) (Az észak-alföldi mezolit ipar újabb lelőhelye a Jászságban — Jászberény IV)

shape during the researches with its distinguished cultural—chronological features and characteristic raw material use structure we defined as Northern Hungarian Plain Mesolithic Industry.

4 Starting out from the Jászság results it is possible to outline a model concerning the prehistory of a wider region during the Boreal period and at the beginning of the Atlantic period. Together with archeological investigations the Early Holocene paleogeographic

— paleoecological conditions of the Jászság were studied and determined.

5 Previously we have divided the NHPM Industry into two major chronological phases, namely to the older, Jászberény phase which belongs to the Boreal period and to the younger, Jásztelek phase representing the Early Atlantic.

6 We should like to underline our decision to divide the NHPM Industry into two distinct periods, that is, to a Middle and Late Mesolithic Phase, all the more because already other view of this topic had been published in the literature. Both the site Jászberény I and the site Jásztelek I were put by J. Chapman into the Late Mesolithic.

7 On the basis of the stratigraphic

—chronological and typological evidences yielded by these two Jászság sites, both excavated by ourselves, we are unable to agree with J. Chapman's opinion. We have defined the lithic industry of the layer C, rich in carbonates, of the site Jászberény I as belonging to the Boreal period.

8 In the light of the recently discovered finds — revising our earlier opinion

9 — the lithic industry of the subfossil layer B2 overlying directly the layer С at Jászberény I belongs also to the Boreal period. (The study of this material is in progress.) On the basis of its typological features that chipped find assemblage which was collected on the surface in the site Jásztelek I, belongs to the Early Atlantic period.

10 At this site we made in the summer of 1993 a small test excavation and in the subfossil В layer underlying directly the recent soil level disturbed by cultivation we could identify a Mesolithic culture layer. This layer B, partly destroyed by ploughing, contained a Mesolithic occupation layer with a few atypical finds. Surface finds Fig. 1 Geographic position of the Northern Hungarian Plain Mesolithic Industry and the geological environment of the Jászság Mesolithic. 1. Town, 2. Holocene fluvial sediments, 3. Peat, 4. Infusion loess, 5. Aeolian sand, 6. Location of the Mesolithic sites defined by us as Late Mesolithic ones we connected stratigraphically with layer B.

11 Still during the 1993 campaign a smaller part of a feature with semicircular back part (feature No. 1) was found which was deepened into layers В and С and was recognizable also by its darker infilling. In the summer of 1994 we continued at the site Jásztelek I 3 Kertész 1994, 24; 1994a, 14. 19; Kertész et al. 1994, 18—20; 1994a, 19. 28. 48. 57 4 Kertész 1994a, 11. 23—24. 33 5 Kertész et al. 1994; 1994a 6 Kertész 1994, 31—32. 39; 1994a, 11. 24—26. 33 7 Chapman 1994, 141 8 Kertész 1994, 31. 39; 1994a, 11. 14—18. 24—26. 33; Kertész et al. 1994, 30—33; 1994a, 21—22. 58—59 9 Kertész 1994a, 25—26. 33; Kertész et al. 1994, 18. 20; 1994a, 19 10 Kertész 1994, 27—32. 39. 41—44; 1994a, 18—22. 25; Kertész et al. 1994a, 28—30 11 Kertész 1994, 24; 1994a, 19. 25—26. 33; Kertész et al. 1994a, 28. 57 28