Madaras László – Tálas László – Szabó László szerk.: Tisicum - A Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Múzeumok Évkönyve 9. (1996)

Cseh János: Kora Meroving-kori fazekak egy tiszazugi településről

JÁNOS CSEH POTS OF THE EARLY MEROVINGIAN AGE ON A SETTLEMENT IN THE TISZAZUG (Szelevény-Bohonyapart/-bank — 3rd house of the year 1986) Abstract In the spring of the year 1986 and 1987 rescue excavations were happened to the south-west from Szelevény community (Tiszazug in Jász-NagykunSzolnok county, district of Kunszentmárton), on the Bohonyapart/-bank resp. at the Sweiger-tanya/homestead. On this island-like relief configuration being in the inundation area it succeeded to open altogether seven-eight features of settlement of the Early Migration Period, the Gepidic Age (namely three sunken-floored houses or economic buildings, one-two pits, ?a freestanding hearth, ?a baking/bread oven and a potter's kiln resp. workshop). Archaeological material to be more plentiful was provided by one of the huts and the "construction" destined for burning of pottery. In our paper we are producing some finds from this excavation — or rather such ones that represent the household ceramics occurring in large numbers. The eight fragments of vessels, from which we have tried to reconstruct the complete cooking utensils, were coming to light in the year 1986 out of the Gepid hut-base excavated as third. The pots had been made on quickly rotating potter"s wheel of clay containing admixture (sand or gravel), for the most part on average. Their colour is greyish (with an exception being of brown nuance) and it can be noticed a sooty-smoky deposit on them. From the potsherds we may restore vessels of round and corpulent or egg-shape body with different centre of gravity. It is peculiar to the shards broken from mouths i.e. rims the strong bending outwards, in some cases with so-called lid-holding form. The bottoms of the clay-products are cut straight in the typical manner. Their wall (generally the zone of the shoulder) is to be described as smooth or undulating resp. furrowed widely by horizontal combing. The pots had been of 14—15 cm and 17—18 cm height with 10—14 cm mouth diameter. The thickness of the sides alters between 0,2 cm and 0,8 cm. In one of the appendices enclosed to the writing we intend to give some informations on a Gepidic settlement-site by the side of Kengyel village (Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, district of Szolnok). This one is to be found in the western section of the community's field (Péter Kovács's and Adolf Hamira/Mamera's homesteads) and I on several occasions did field-work here in the years between 1983 and 1994. The finds presented now are originating from the year 1992. The traces of settlement are fallen to a zone of the high-lying bank extending over 700—800 m (resp. 1100—1300 m) in lenght and 50—100 m in width. They presumably indicate ?two — separated — settlements. In the archaeological material collected by me it is appeared all the three types of pottery of the Early Migration Period: namely the wheel-turned fine, the granulous and the hand-made coarse ceramics. The most important find is a potsherd decorated by stamping (typical rhombus-shaped pattern). The shards belonging to the second group come from grey vessels to be suitable for cooking and from ?pitcher/jar — dolium — ornamented by combed wavy line bundle and horizontal lines. The Gepidic finds of settlement of the Early Meroving Age both in Szelevény and Kengyel village can be dated back to the 6th century, in more detail to the period between 510—520 and 560—570. (Translated by the author in 1996) 116