Madaras László – Szabó László – Tálas László szerk.: Tisicum - A Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Múzeumok Évkönyve 8. (1993)
T. Dobosi Viola: Jászfelsőszentgyörgy-Szunyogos, felsőpaleolit telep
from the breaking of a single, not even too big piece of raw material into several pieces. It is possible that the small flake hoard is the waste of burin manufacturing. The raw material was collected from a secondary source, a brook deposit in the E-Bükk Mts. near Bükkszentlászló. The flint with white patina is a so-called "long distance" material which is often determined in the literature as Volhynian flint. It has no primary source in the Carpathian Basin, it occurs only in processed form yet in a conspicuously great number at certain localities. It is the almost exclusively utilized raw material at several Upper Paleolithic localities in the Ukraine, expecially in the basin of the Desna (Jeliszejevicsi, Hotülevo: Rogacsev - Anyikovics 1984, 201-202, Mezin: Soffer 1985, 84). The majority of classical settlements in the Ukraine is based on local raw material sources. The Paleolithic population of the region collected the strongly patinated flint nodules washed out from Cretaceous deposits from the walls of arid channels, end-moraines, placers or from loads in the close vicinity of the localities where one can collect them even now. However, this originally dark grey or black, excellently workable high quality raw material having a silky lustre in fresh condition but susceptible to be patinated, which is usually called Volhynian flint is found not only in the SW part of the Ukraine (that is in Volhynian table-land) but also all over in the Northern part of the Ukraine (Poleszje-region) (informations got from L.L. Zaliznyák). At present I have no knowledge about archeometric studies aiming at the exact geological identification of these raw materials. Therefore the presence of this raw material at Jászfelsőszentgyörgy at the time being refers only to an existence of some connections towards areas outside of the Carpathian range to the NE at a distance of about 400 kms from the Jászság. (We may add that L.V. Grekhova/Puskin Museum, Moscow informed me on the occurrence of a single object made of Carpathian obsidian at Kasztyonki. Even if we accept this only on certain conditions, in the light of it the 400 kms' distance between Jászfelsőszentgyörgy and Volhynia does not seem to be so large, since the distance between the Tokaj-Eperjes Mts. and the Don Bend is more than 1200 kms as the crow flies!) The source of the Melanopsis is unknown at the time being. Though in the vicinity of the locality there are Tertiary deposits with malacological material, but they are in a recently opened extraction pit. Therefore we still have to search for outcrops of Tertiary deposits in the neighbourhood. This paper contains the preliminary results of a small-scale excavation. We should like to make further studies on the material together with the continuation of the excavations in 1992. The aim of publishing this article was to make known the fourth Paleolithic locality found in the Great Hungarian Plain, a locality therefore of sensational importance, as quickly as possible. On the basis of preliminary results the locality at Jászfelsőszentgyörgy-Szunyogos fits well into the group of the localities of the great middle Gravettian immigration wave. It belongs to the localities flourished in the older interstadial of the Ságvár phase (Ságvár, Madaras). (Dobosi - Vörös 1987. 58). 53
