Folia Historico-Naturalia Musei Matraensis - A Mátra Múzeum Természetrajzi Közleményei 20. (1995)

Hír, J.: A Lök-völgyi-barlang őslénytani ásatásának eredményei

Comment In the material of the sample no. 4. the average of the length of ml molars is a bit different from other samples. Ursus sp. Material and measurements 1. lower p4 (sample 18.) 14.6 x 10.2 (Fig.18.) 2. lower p4 (sample 14.) 14.9 x 10.4 3. upper P4 (sample 10.) 13.9 x 18.6 Comments During the elaboration of cave bear materials the division of the Ursus spelaeus (ROSENMÜLLER et HEINROTH, 1794) and Ursus deningeri REICHENAU, 1904 species is a fundamental question. For the decision the author used the method of PRAT (in LAVILLE et al 1972) which is based on the measurements of the lower premolar. From this point of view the author studied a row of Hungarian fossil bear materials (Fig. 19.). He found, that the spelaeoid and the deningeroid character occured in two waves during the Pleistocene. The Lower Pleistocene and Early Middle Pleistocene bears (Tarkő, Hajnóczy Cave) have deningeroid premolars, but in the population of Vértesszőlős 2 (JÁNOSSY D. 1990) the bears are certainly spelaeoids. There are some undoubtedly younger faunas (Uppony, Pongor Hole, Kőrös Cave) than Vértesszőlős 2 with deningeroid bears.too. The teeth from the Lök-völgyi Cave can be attached to this group. The Istállóskő material is one of the "classical" Late Pleistocene spelaeoid populations. Discussion The stratigraphy of the Pleistocene profile of the Lök-völgyi Cave is different and more complex than mirrored in the opinion of the first scholars (KADIC et MOTTL 1938). The age of the 8th layer (samples 10.- 18.) is Young Middle Pleistocene. This determination is based on the Arvicolas with undifferenciated enamel thickness; the measurements of the Cricetus ml are related to the dimensions of the hamster from Solymár and Pongor Cave; the measurements of the Ursus p4 molars which are "deningeroids" (Fig. 19.). During the time of the inbedding of 8 th layer the climate was possible cold (but not tundra-like) because the Microtus gregalis (Fig. 12.) is the most frequent arvicolid and Microtus oeconomus (Fig. 11.) and Lagusus 5p.(Figs. 15.-16.) are found. In the Pleistocene chronostratigraphy (ZAGWDN, 1985) this material possible refers to the Saalian glaciation. Unfortunately the fauna is not sufficient for the discussion of the relation with other Hungarian Young Middle Pleistocene Faunas: Hór-völgy, Vár-hegy, Solymár (JÁNOSSY, 1979, 1986), Pongor Cave, Kőrös Cave (HîR.1987 1988, 1989). The material from the 7th layer (sample 9) is very poor. This level possible indicates an erosional discordancy. The sample 8.-5. (from layer 6 to the lower part of the layer 2) form the other faunistical unit of the sequence. The possible age is Süttő Phase in the Hungarian microvertebrate stratigraphy, which is equal to the Eemian in the European chronostratigraphical system and to the 5e Emiliani Zone (KORDOS - RINGER, 1991). The arguments for it are the following: Arvicola with weekly differentiated enamel; Cricetus which is equal to the recent Cricetus 41