Folia Historico-Naturalia Musei Matraensis - A Mátra Múzeum Természetrajzi Közleményei 16. (1991)

Kertész, R.: Preliminary report on the research of Early Holocene period in the NW part of Great Hungarian Plain

completely flat southern part reaches only a 85-95 m's height (Fig. 2). These two different parts of the basin can be divided morphologically into four further sub-regions. The main catchment of the geographical region is the Zagyva, a tributary of Tisza, which gathers the streams of the E part of the Cserhát Mts. of the W side of the Mátra Mts. and of the Gödöllő Hills. The most important tributary of the Zagyva is Tarna which gathers the waters of the F part of the Mátra Mts. The local subsidence formed in the direction of the central axis had a-great influence upon the hidrography of the Zagyva basin, because at the end of the Pleistocene Zagyva and Tarna, running down on the slopes of the Mátra ran still along the western and eastern margins of the area, respectivcly (Fig. 3.) ; they have been directed toward the central parts by tectonic movements only later. A whole network of abandoned river beds of Zagyva and Tarna can be traced in the lower, southern part of the basin (BALLA 1958, BULLA 1962. 56, 97-90, 372, FODOR 1930. 1942. 4 - 13, 20-38, 56-63, RÓNAI 1905, 66-95, 317-331, SOMOGYI 1969. 67-76, SZÉKELY 1954. 1958. 1969. 80-06, 166-101, URBANCSEK 1961. 10-21, 23-28, 65-70, 00-103). The Mesolithic site is situated in the former inundation area of the Zagyva just below the mouth of the Tarna, in a marshy, damp hollow. TOPOGRAPHY The site is at 7,5 km to the S from the town Jászberény (Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county) in a land called Meggyes-pele in the side of a by now dried up Zagyva-meander.2 The microlithic tools and fragments of animal bones together with the carbonate clay which had got over the surface of the recent humus were found accumulated in spots of 12-17 m's diameter. Parts of the settlement spots were situated directly at the edge of the former riverside while the others are situated to some distance from the river bed. Six settlement spots near to each other were identified within the locality. Those spots which were directly at the edge of the riverside had been considerably destroyed because of terrain regulations and intensive cultivation. We could observe that one of the southeastern marginal spots territorrially touched with a Neolithic locality.

3 LITHIC INDUSTRY (Tables I-VI.) (Lithic finds from the site are inventorized under №

s 90.4.1. - 90.4.689. in the Archeological Collection of the Damjanich János Museum at Szolnok). Among scrapers made on flakes appear semicircular ones (T. I. 1-3), oval ones with pointed part (T. I. 4) but the overwhelming part of the scrapers consists of irregular flake scrapers (T. I. 5-12). In this group there is also a scraper -lateral burin combined tool (T. I. 14). A roughly made flake scraper (T. I. 13) differs from the above described tools as regards both its size and manufacture. One of the borers was made on a broad flake (T. I. 15); it has a finely manufactured point. As for the burins two bec-de-flute types were made on blades (T. II. 1-2) and three ones on flakes (T. II. 5-6, T. III. 20). The left edges of twoo tools from the latter mentioned three ones (T. II. 5., T. III. 20.) are shaped by a single slanting blow, while their right edges are retouched. Both edges of the piece on (T. 11^ 6) are retouched. Two blade tools (T. III. 3-4) belong to the atypical bec-de-flûte burins. Among lateral burins there is only one specimen made on a blade (T. II. 7); it is a lateral burin with its working part on its right side. All the other typical lateral burins are made on flakes (T. II. 9-11,14) and all of them have working parts on their left part which are shaped by blowing. Among atypical lateral burins there is a piece with a working part on the right side (T. II. 8) which was made on a blade. The left side of an atypical lateral burin made on a flake is manufactured on its left edge (T. II. 12). The single blade point found in the site (T. 11. 15 a-b) has an altern retouc The right edge of the tool has an arched truncature from the dorsal surface whil the left edge was retouched from the ventral surface. Among the few retouched blades there are tool truncated diagonally (T. IV. 10) and obliquelly (T. W. 16) at their distal ends. 33