Folia Historico-Naturalia Musei Matraensis - A Mátra Múzeum Természetrajzi Közleményei 13. (1988)

SZATHMÁRY, L.: The Boreal (Mesolithic) peopling in the Carpathian Basin: the role of the peripheries

main characteristic features of the younger period can be best studied on the finds dug up at the locality Kamyanitsa I (14) dating back to the Boreal-early Atlantic. The materials of most of the findspots occupy their positions between these two extreme varieties. They are close to each other chronologically and at the same time they are different typologically

. The material remains of the findspots No. 16, 19-24, 26-34 can be included rather in the older phase and perhaps the localities No. 35 and 36 may still belong here. While the finds of the localities No. 15, 17, 25, 37-42 fit better into the younger phase and probably the findspot No. 43 also represents this latter phase. In the course of the two mentioned phases significant changes must have ensued in the lithic industry. The proportion of the forms characteristic of the end of the Palaeolithic (e.g. high scarpers, blunt-backed blades, burins etc.) were decreasing, parallelly, the proportion of the forms (blades) pointing ahead towards the Neolithic were growing. The increasing frequency of the more geometric-like stone implements made of blades must have been accompained by a microlithisation tendency. The population followed a Preneolithic way of living (hunting, fishing and gathering) and usually settlend down on the terraces of rivers. The heterogeneity of the lithic industry can be probably explained by both the adjacency and the mutual affects of the populations reaching different levels of development and representing different stages of civilization (MATSKEVOÍ 1987a). The fairly articulated biogeographical scenery of Carpathian Ukraine (ANUCHIN 1956, ADAMENKO and GRODETSKAYA 1937) may have especially promoted the coexistence of populations marked by different ecological requirements (cf. KOZtOWSKI J. K. and KOZtOWSKI S.K. 1979). The same conditions may have been very probably responsible for another phenomenon, namely, in the Neo'lithic cultures of the early Atlantic (Körös-Cris, Plainted Pottery and Linear Pottery cultures) the course of transformation and the tendency of reduction which characterised the lithic material did not break, but continued in compliance with the former tendencies (Oyakovo-Mondichtog

, Rivne-Kismezë

, Zastavnoe-Malaya Gora, Kholmtsy-Karan

, Velikaya Dobron

'-Zolotoï Grob, Tarnovtsy, Orikhovtsy). It is obvious that in the central plain the same process cannot be studied for lack of considerable Boreal population and lithic industry. Accordigly, the stone implement material of the Körös (Atlantic) group is rather poorish (BÁCSKAY 1975, cf. KACZANOWSKA and KOZtOWSKI J.K. 1987). c) The Northern Periphery Since the Eger industry (VÉRTES 1951, 1965) has turned out to be older than the Mesolithic (GÁBORI 1931, 1902, 1984), two doubtful and two indisputable localities can be registrated in this region. Consequently, those findings which may be possibly in connection with the Eger industry (VÉRTES 1951), 1965, SAÁD 1959, 1964, ROZSNYÓI 1963, DOBOSI 1972, 1975, 1976, HELLEBRANDT 1973, TÚTH 1973) require to be reviewed. The four findspots are as follows (Fig. 1): 44) Barca I (PROSEK 1959) 45) Répáshuta-Rejtek I (VÉRTES 1954, 1956, JÁN0SSY 1961) 46) Streda nad Bodrogom (BÁNESZ 1961, BÁRTA 1972) 47) Demjén-Hegyesköbérc (DOBOSI 1976) The most representative lithic industry is known from the findspot Barca I, in which the criteria of an industry of Beuron-Coincy character can be recognised, which is of the same age as the Komornica culture (KOZtOWSKI J.K. 1973, KOZLOWSKI J.K. and KOZtOWSKI S.K. 1979, KOZtOWSKI S.K. 1981, VALOCH 1981). The findspot Demjén of doubtful position is worthy of attention chiefly because in the northern periphery here may be found the only analogy of the stone packed founded houses known from the localities Kamyanitsa V and I (DOBOSI 1976, cf. MATSKEVOÏ 1937a)

. d) The Northwestern and the Transdanubian Periphery The findings should be more expedient to be divided into three units: those coming from West-Slovakia, from Transdanubia and from the Danube-bend. Of these the most characteristic is the West-Slovakian micrnlithic industry of Preboreal-Boreal age, which can be found in the vicinity of Sered. This represents a variant of the Chojnice-Pienki culture, developed on maglemose traditions (cf.BÁRTA 1973, 1980, KOZtOWSKI 1973, VALOCH 1901). At the same time, however, this can also be interpreted as an eastern facies of the BeuronCoincy culture (KOZtOWSKI J.K. and KOZtOWSKI S.K. 1979. KOZtOWSKI 1981, cf. D0LUKHAN0V et al. 1900). Altogether nine certain and one uncertain localities are known (Fig. 2): 43) KopCany (JASNÁK 1930, BÁRTA 1972, 1981) 49) Scred-Macanské vfáky (BÁRTA 1954, 1957, 1981, VENCL 1969) 50) Vel'ka-Maca (BÁRTA. and BÁNESZ 1971, BÁRTA 1972, 1981) 51) Dolná Streda (BÁRTA 1959, 1965, 1981) 52) _oporna-5trkovec (BÁRTA and BÁNESZ 1971, BÁRTA 1972, 1981) 53) SládeCkovce (BÁRTA 1972, 1981) 54) Galanta-Mostová (BÁRTA 1960, 1972, 1901) 55) Cierna voda (BÁRTA and BÁNESZ 1971, BÁRTA 1972, 1981) 56) Tomásikovo-Dyfiovy field (BÁRTA 1955, 1972, 1901)