Bujdosné Pap Györgyi (szerk.): Agria 49. (Az egri Dobó István Vármúzeum Évkönyve - Annales Musei Agriensis, 2016)
Gutay Mónika - Tóth Zoltán: Előzetes jelentés Apc-Berekalja 1. és Apc-Farkas-major régészeti lelőhelyek megelőző feltárásairól és minősített régészeti megfigyeléseiről
Mónika Gutay - Zoltán Tóth Preliminary report on exploratory excavations and archaeological consultations at the Apc-Berekalja and Apc-Farkas-major sites The widening of a highway number 21 to a four carriageways on sections 1+300-7 +850 km, 9+750- 15+050km and 17+000-48+000km (Ape, Zagyvaszántó, Lőrinci) made it necessary to carry out both exploratory and preliminary excavations on those stretches lying within Heves County. Under the direction of Mónika Gutay, archaeologist at the István Dobó Castle Museum, the excavations were undertaken at the archaeological sites at Apc-Berekalja 1 and Apc-Farkas-major at the beginning of 2014. Between July and November 2014 preliminary excavations and archaeological consultations also took place. At the Apc-Farkas-major site several fossilized bones were also found. In 12 places the fossilized bone deposits were probably evidence of deliberate human activity. At Farkas-major we found evidence of a Palaeolithic tent with a diameter of 5 metres, made up of 13 post and 6 stake holes. The post holes were set at an angle of less than 90 degrees, while the stake holes were arranged at an angle much closer to 90 degrees. The stake holes may have marked an entrance facing south. The tent may have been summer quarters as there was no sign of burning inside it, only outside it, on the surface in the vicinity of the tent. The tent probably dated from the end of the Palaeolithic, between about 30 and 10 thousand years ago. In the 1/a and 2/c sections of the Apc-Berekalja 1 site one could see for the most part prehistoric (Transdanubian line-decorated pottery /TLP/, Copper Age, Bronze Age), together with a little evidence of a Sarmatian settlement, with a scattering of burials. In sections 1/b and 2/d we recorded predominantly Sarmatian finds with some evidence of prehistoric settlement taking the form of a few burials. The Sarmatian settlement may well have been inhabited for a long period of time, between the 3rd and 5th centuries. On the excavated territory we were able to distinguish small domestic groups (houses built into the ground, store holes and workshop holes). It is probable that in any one period only one part of the excavated area was used intensively. In time, when the houses were in a poor state of repair they were abandoned, and new ones built. This would explain why on a site covering approximately 6 hectares there were hardly any superimpositions, despite the fact that it was a site characterized by considerable archaeological features dating from the Sarmatian period. In the second half of the period in question the settlement was strengthened, probably with a rampart constructed out of wood, whose oval pits we were able to 137
