Veres Gábor szerk.: Agria 46. (Az Egri Múzeum Évkönyve - Annales Musei Agriensis, 2010)
Bihari-Horváth László: Tárgytipológiai kísérlet az észak-magyarországi, „magyaros stílusú” keménycserép dísztányérkultúra bemérésére
László Bihari-Horváth Object typological experiment to calibrate the "Hungarian style" earthenware ornamental plate culture of Northern Hungary FromThe earthenware object culture, though it composed one unit of the most significant ornaments of peasant-home interiors in the first half of the 20 t h century, yet it counts as the peripheral research topic of ethnographic ceramic research. It is primarily the industrial production of earthenware objects that explains the moderateness of traditional ethnographical interest, to which their most striking outer features, for example their forms (the uniform thickness of the dish wall), and most of all "conventional" (copied from a design book) decorations also unequivocally refer to. The personal artistic achievement that characterised the famous potterdynasties of ceramic centres was in effect not even present in the decorative art of this object culture. However, their folk ornaments and traditional compositions, due simply to the hand painting technique too, show exciting variations , typical of object creating folk art. This duality deterred both folk art and applied art research to do a more thorough typological examination of the object culture. While complete research was done on the history of production places (earthenware factories) and the technique of fabrication (the process of factory production), the geographical spread of the object culture and the system of object usage was examined in many respects, the exhaustive object typological investigation is yet to be done. This study is to stop this gap; it shows the achievements of the object typological research focusing on the ornamental plate, the most prevalent and the earliest object type and in the greatest number in the peasant-home interior design within the earthenware object culture. The research carried out in the summer of 2010 covered the ornamental plate object groups of two ethnographical collections (a 265 piece test sample overall). Out of the two collections the small collection of Konyár in Hajdú-Bihar County, was formed from the thematic, ornamental plate collection of about 500 pieces of the Albert Kurucz village museum, while the ethnographical collection of the Lajos Hatvany Museum in Hatvan has a smaller, but something of a representative collection. The majority of the examined ornamental plates were made in Northern Hungary (in Bélapátfalva, Hollóháza, Telkibánya, Miskolc , in upper Hungary - Rozsnyó and Murány) at the end of the 19 t h and beginning of the 20 t h century, but the unity of the plates manufactured in other towns of the Monarchy (in the Austrian Wilhelmsburg and the Czech Altrohlau) and purchased by the Hungarian peasantry as choice that could be viewed as the forerunner of the Hungarian ornamental plates is also remarkable. The comparison of the test sample has allowed the typological examination of the object type ornaments and the calibration of the typical characteristics of fabrication places. 332
