Nyakas Miklós: A hajdúk letelepítése Böszörményben / Hajdúsági Közlemények 13. (Hajdúböszörmény, 1984)

Tartalom

SETTLING OF THE HEYDUCKS IN BÖSZÖRMÉNY In 1984 the Heyducks settled down in Böszörmény market-town 375 years ago according to the deed of gift given by Gábor Báthori the Prince of Transylvania. Although they went through the whole war of independence, they couldn't settle down in Kálló, the place that had been presented to them. The author embeded the settling of the Heyducks in Böszörmény in wide international relation, and shows that after the death of István Bocskai (1606) the attack against the privileged Heyducks, started by the Hungarian estates and caused the so-called second rising of the Heyducks, engaged the attention of the Hapsburg Empire with inner discords, the Principality of Transylvania and the Turkish Empire, too. So this movement of the Heyducks, protected by their privileges, touched upon the political conditions of the area, too. Solving the problems of the Heyducks and winning the movement of them were in the own interest of Archduke Matthias who gained the Hapsburg throne and his adherents, and the rich young aristocrat Gábor Báthori, who wanted the throne of the Prince of Transylvania. So finally the gifts given by Bocskai had been affirmed, and the second rising of the Heyducks had achieved its aim. But remained a unsolved problem, namely the problem of the above mentioned Kálló market-town. That is, here was a border castle, that according to the conclusion of peace in Vienna had been given back to the Hungarian Kingdom, so the soldiers of the Hungarian Kingdom had been living in the castle, while the town should have remained in the hands of the Heyducks belonging to the Principality of Transylvania. Impossibility of this situation is well-marked for the first sight. Though during the negotiations with the Heyducks a promise to give both the town and the castle to the Heyducks had been made, it wasn't fulfilled. During that time the encounters between the soldiers from the castle and the Heyducks intending to settle down in the town had become stable. In this way the matter of Kálló became one of the important points of the peace-negotiations between the Principality of Transylvania and the Hapsburg Empire. Many attempts to solution had been made, but non of them were kept. Solving the problems of the Heyducks was in own interest of Gábor Báthori, who had been elected Prince of Transylvania, and should have owed the princely throne to the allience concluded with the Heyducks. Finally Gábor Báthori chose to settle the soldiers from Kálló in his own family property, in Böszörmény in 1609. In his work the author examines the demographic, economic circumstances and the structure of Böszörmény market-town in 1608. Contradicting earlier statements he establishes that this place hadn't been uninhabited and deserted before. Most of the Heyducks settling here found a major population and they could adopt the main characteristic structural features of the settlement, too. In the last part of the book the author introduces the life of Böszörmény Hajdu town. He gives a comprehensive picture of the settling and the putting into possession, and shows, that those Heyducks settled in the town who had been going through the whole war of independence, and had taken upon themselves an important part in the second rising of the Heyducks, too. He gives an answer to the relation between the new and old inhabitans, pointing out that the Heyducks needed 71