Bihari-Horváth László (szerk.): Legelőpuszták, szőlőskertek, tanyavilágok - A Bocskai István Múzeum Közleményei 1. (Hajdúszoboszló, 2016)
VIII. A kötet rövid összefoglalói
duced by the flood damages to take the puszta on lease. On the other hand it can be declared that the using of the puszta came to an end not because of the flood prevention but the changing economical attitude of the owners of the puszta. The expansion of the landlords' estates repressed the animal husbandry of the inhabitants of Konyár. The flood area was cut out for raising big animals, but only the Konyarians of Hajdúk origin took advantage of this opportunity from the surrounding communities. This also shows that the way of using the puszta depended not only on the ecological conditions of the environment but on the culture of the community too. During the examination of the ways of the puszta development I discovered a special form of using the fields, the collection of natron. With argument by analogy it is presumable that this work also had a soil-improvement result. In the beginning of the 19th century the owners established granges on the puszta. There were hundreds employed in these granges. Since the puszta became a part of the administration of Hosszúpályi, the agricultural workers increased the population of this village. The inner village of Hosszúpályi expanded significantly with the settling of workers. Thus the grange economy resulted in demographic rise and changes in the structure of the settlement. The second part of the dissertation deal with the grapevine and wine culture in northern Bihar region. The ecological factors which I have examined supported the recognition that the vineyards of northern Bihar region settled on the shifting sands and deforestation area. They expanded in the time of grape-louse. At that time the philoxera resistant sandy soil became more valuable and extended the viniculture on sand. This upswing was ended by the social and economical changes in the second half of the 20th century. For today the vineyards are almost completely liquidated, There are forests on their previous ground established in recent times. It is not accidental as the quality of the soil is favourable to afforestation, too. All these point out that the natural endownments by no means determine the method of utilizing it. It depends much rather on the interest and economical strategies of the user community. Accordingly the way of utilizing can be different from period to period on identical ecological conditions. In the third part of my dissertation I examined the farmsteads in sandy areas of Létavértes. There were forests and pasture in this region in the 18th century. In the beginnings they were used by landlords and peasant community in common, then in the time of state regulation of socage they were taken in hand of estates. After the indebtedness of the owners 182
