Angi János – Lakner Lajos (szerk.): A Debreceni Déri Múzeum Évkönyve 2015 (Debrecen, 2015)

Régészet - Bajkai Rozália: Késő avar kori település Hajdúnánás határában II. Hajdúnánás, Fekete-halom (M3-41)

Vaday1999b

Vaday Andrea: A lelőhely és az ásatási módszer leírása. In: Kompolt Kistér. Újkőkori, bronzkori, szarmata és avar lelőhely. Leletmentő ásatás az Mí-as autópálya nyomvonalán. - The site of Kompolt, Kistér. A Neolithic, Bronze Age, Sarmatian and Avar site. Rescue excavation at the M3 motorway. Heves Megyei Régészeti Közlemények - Publicationes Archaeologicae de comitatu Heves. Szerk./Eds.: Petercsák Tivadar—Szabó J. József. Eger 1999,9-12.

Vaday 1999c

Vaday Andrea: Kutak Kompolt, Kistéri-tanya lelőhelyen. Agria XXXV (1999) 93-135.

Vaday 2003

Vaday, Andrea: Wells excavated in the Carpathian Basin during a decade. Antaeus 26 (2003) 25-68.

Váradi 2000

Váradi Adél: Előzetes jelentés a Nagyút határában feltárt római és késő népvándorláskori teleprészletekről. (Vorläufiger Bericht über die in der Gemarkung von Nagyút freigelegten römer- und völkerwanderungszeitlichen Siedlungsdetails). In: Hadak Útján. A Népvándorlás kor Fiatal Kutatóinak Konferenciája 10. Szerk.: Bende Lívia-Lőrinczy Gábor-Szalontai Csaba. Szeged 2000, 125-153.

Vida 1996

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Vida, Tivadar: Die awarenzeitliche Keramik I (6-7. Jh.). VAH 8. Berlin-Budapest 1999.

RÖVIDÍTÉSJEGYZÉK

Agria Agria. Az Egri Múzeum Évkönyve (Eger)

Antaeus Antaeus. Communicationes ex Instituto

Archaeologico Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae (Budapest)

AR Archeologické Rozhledy (Praha)

BiMÉ A Bihari Múzeum Évkönyve (Berettyóújfalu)

DMÉ A Debreceni Déri Múzeum Évkönyve (Debrecen)

FontArchHung Fontes Archaeologici Hungáriáé (Budapest)

Ösrégészeti Levelek Ősrégészeti Levelek. Prehistoric Newsletter (Budapest)

SIA Slovenská Archeológia (Bratislava)

VAH Varia Archaeologica Hungarica (Budapest)

Zalai Múzeum Zalai Múzeum (Zalaegerszeg)

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Rozália Bajkai

LATE AVAR-AGE SETTLEMENT ON THE FRINGE OF HAJDÚNÁNÁS II. - HAJDÚNÁNÁS, FEKETE-HALOM (M3-41)

During the investigation of how space was used in the period, we have listed the built-in elements (i.e. houses, buildings, ovens, pits, ditches, wells), work tools (i.e. bone tools, grinding stones, guern-stones, chopping tools, etc.) and ceramics, as mobile objects (KALLA 2013,11). When considering these, we may deduce a settlement layout which determines supposed occupational areas. The stone material of the buildings (houses) in the centre of the settlement, which are positioned in a semi-circle and are eguipped with fireplaces, is guite poor; nevertheless, some burnt tools and fragments, which were secondarily used around the oven, can be identified. To the south from this, there is another group of four buildings (possibly workshops?), with more irregular ground plan in this case. From these, the building no. 60/142 stands out: in its fill, we have found four (metal) slag and several stone fragments (among them recognisable fragments of a quern-stone). In the building no. 59/137 other slag fragment and handstones have been excavated. It is probably safe to presume that these buildings once functioned as workshops, as no metal slag fragments have been found in the other group of houses located in the middle of the site. The function of the latter buildings has yet to be elucidated, but after the material tests currently in process, we shall have a better understanding of it.

It seems that different occupational areas can be distinguished; we have differentiated a general household area and one, possibly specialised, occupational group of buildings. There are no traces of buildings on the surface; we cannot exclude the possibility, however, that there was some, archeologically untraceable, activity in the areas which now seem empty. The applied methodology can be associated with household archaeology, which investigates dwellings and their immediate surroundings from a socio-economic perspective (KALLA 2013,11). In the archaic settlement in Fekete-halom, the original ground level has not been preserved; we cannot see buildings with original furniture; the fill is secondary, just as in the case of pits, ditches, and wells (ANDERS-RACZKY 2013,83-84). We can only determine the occupational areas if we adopt the criteria applied above, and bear in mind the characteristics, distribution, and concentration of different types of found materials. Furthermore, we must also consider that it cannot be precisely determined when (i.e. by which generation) phenomena, units, and households were used due to the uniformity and limited number of ceramics, the lack of metal findings, which would provide us with an accurate chronology, and the limited use of radiocarbon tests as regards the late Avar period.

BAJKAI ROZÁLIA