Magyari Márta szerk.: A Debreceni Déri Múzeum Évkönyve 2010 (2011)

TÖRTÉNETTUDOMÁNY - Krankovics Ilona—Sallay Gergely Pál: Első világháborús osztrák-magyar katonai alakulatjelvények a Déri Múzeum gyűjteményében

ELSŐ VILÁGHÁBORÚS OSZTRÁK-MAGYAR KATONAI ALAKULATJELVÉNYEK A DÉRI MÚZEUM GYŰJTEMÉNYÉBEN 119 30,5 cm-es mozsárt megörökítő hadijelvénnyel volt azonos. Az érem és a jelvény is G. Hermann alkotása volt. Oskar Thiede Hermann Sallagar vezérezredesnek emléket állító munkája szintén a gyűjtemény része volt. Viktor Dankl vezérezredes portréját Carl Maria Schwerdtner alkotta, az érem hátlapját a hegyi tüzérséget jelképező katona alakja díszítette. A Grünthal és Ziegler által készített bronzérmen Otto Weddigen német tengeralattjáróparancsnok alakja elevenedett meg. A gyűjtemény érdekes darabja volt a Stefan Schwartz jelzésével ellátott, bronzból készült „Huszár roham, Hussaren Attacke 1914-1915" feliratú plakett. A rendelkezésre álló fényképet nézve feltűnő a hasonlóság a plakett és a magyar királyi honvéd huszárezredek általános jelvénye között. Ugyancsak a magyar huszárságot dicsőítette Lőcsey Ferenc bronzból vert emlékérme, előlapján „1914. A vörös ördögök. 1915.", hátlapján „ a magyar vitézség emlékére" felirattal. A hagyaték részét képező háborús jel vénygyűjtemény hiánytanul megmaradt annak köszönhetően, hogy a darabokat megszámlálásuk után a múzeumi páncélszekrényben helyezték el. Jelen forrásközlemény a kollekció katonai vonatkozású darabjait mutatja be. A katalógusban közöljük a jelvények anyag- és méretadatait, leltári számát, valamint - ahol ismert - a tervező és gyártó nevét. A jelvények korabeli ára abban az esetben kerül feltüntetésre, ha ez az információ az adott darab hátlapjáról leolvasható. Ilona Krankovics - Pál Gergely Sallay Austro-Hungarian military corps-badges from the First World War in the Déri Museum's collection These Austro-Hungarian military corps-badges that can be found in private and public collection alike are special and exceptional memories of the Great War even on the world stage. For they were highly effective and practical symbols of team-spirit they very quickly became popular amongst soldiers from the first day, and despite their non-official standing they became an integral part of the soldiers' uniforms. Due to this several attempts were made throughout the war to control how they were worn. The corps-badges could be worn anytime once the soldiers were already on the way to the front or in the home country only when offduty, in theory only on the left side of the hat. All the same soldiers soldiers willingly decorated both sides and front of their hats as well as their spencers with the badges. From the most popular place of putting them these little plaques got the name „hat-badges". These corps and souvenir badges were mainly made from bronze white or grey metals, sometimes iron and later on differently alloyed, low-quality so-called „militarymetals", in few words metals that were not indispensable in order to satisfy the needs for war materials. The larger quantity the badges were produced in (army badges for example could come in tens of thousands) the cheaper they were for the soldiers to purchase them. The usually cost between 50 fillér and 3 crowns by the piece (the price obviously depended on the material they were made of as well). Some corps' badges were produced based on the same design but in different quality makes. The more beautifully designed glazed badges were unequivocally more expensive than the simple, pressed disk-badges. According to popular opinion these were officer's and private's variants and their could in deed be a connection between financial capabilities, ranking and badge of choice. The large majority of the badges were produced in factories specialised on them primarily in Vienna and Budapest, but sometimes jewellers and moreover even soldiers created unique badges that served as souvenirs of the war. In the case of the corps-badges we frequently find that the designer of them was an artistic soldier of the corps or an already famous artist who spends his service on the front. A sign on the back or the front of the piece usually refers to the designers and producers. The images and inscriptions on the badges both serve the embodiment of the team spirit as well as the perpetuation of the collective war-memories. Consequently designers tried to symbolise the given army's historical tradition and arms together with elements of their role in the war. The presented hat-badge collection came to the Déri Museum's posession in 1931 as a gift from count Pál Degenfeld. The collection gives a representative cross-section of this unique part of the First World War's material culture. Amongst the 350 badges there are several rarities. The collection might not only interest military-collectors, for (military)historians, museologists, arthistorians, those interested in industry- and local history can all find useful information while browsing the catalogue. For the hat badges mirror the military structure of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in a unique way our catalogue presents the collection in an army-department arrangement. We give information of material, size, inventory number and - where it is known - name of designer and producer. The original price of the badges are included if this information can be seen on the back of the given item.