Magyari Márta szerk.: A Debreceni Déri Múzeum Évkönyve 2008-2009 (2010)

MŰVÉSZETTÖRTÉNET, IPARMŰVÉSZET - Boldog Zoltán: Török fonott pajzs a Déri-gyűjteményből

TÖRÖK FONOTT PAJZS A DÉRI-GYŰJTEMÉNYBŐL 133 THALY 1886 Thaly, K., A Rákóczi-árvák 1688-ban Munkács várában maradt és Patakra vitt ingó érétkeinek lajstromai, in: Történelmi Tár 1886, 769-789. TOKAJI 1997 Tokaji, Zs„ A régi Kína fegyverei, Budapest, 1997. TÓTH 1934 Tóth, Z., A huszárok eredetéről, Hadtörténelmi Közlemények 35(i934), 129-197. PÁSZTOR 1993 Pásztor, E., A jancsika. Egy 17. századi török lótakaró típus, Ars Decorativa 13 (1993), 99-108. TUBERO 1994 Ludovicus Tubero-Kortörténeti feljegyzések, közli: Blazovich, L„ Galánthai, Sz., E„ Szeged, 1994. U. KŐHALMI 1972 U. Kőhalmi, K., A steppék nomádja lóháton, fegyverben, Körösi Csorna Kiskönyvtár 12.Budapest, 1972. VEGETIUS 1963 A hadtudomány foglalata, ford.: Várady, L., in: A hadművészet ókori klasszikusai, szerk. Hahn I., Budapest, 1963,751-867, WARRY 1995 Warry, J., A klasszikus világ hadművészete, Budapest, 1995. WASILKOWSKA 1998 Wasilkowska, A., Husaria.wS. WEBER 1997 Weber, T., The Thracians 700 BC- AD 46, Oxford, 1997. ZARNÓCZKI 1990 Zarnóczki, A., Fegyverzet, katonai felszerelés, hadsereg Magyarországon Hunyadi Mátyás korában, Hadtörténelmi Közlemények 103/1(1990/1), 31-65. ZRÍNYI 1976 Zrínyi, M„ fáborikis tracta, in: Zrínyi Miklós hadtudományi munkái, Budapest, 1976,49-87. ZYGULSKI 1999 Zygulski, Z., J., Kalkan-The Shield ofthe Orient, in: War and Peace. Ottoman-Polish Relations in the XV-XIX. c., Istanbul, 1999,71-78. XENOPHON 1979 Anabazis, ford.: Fein, J., Budapest, 1979. Zoltán Boldog Turkish wicker shield from the Déri collection In his previous works the author has already analysed several items from Frigyes Déri's rich collection of weapons. In this current paper the author examines a piece from the ones purchased in Transylvania, a Turkish wicker shield also known as „kalkan". The general introduction to the structure and raw material used in wickers is followed by a detailed review ofthe different types and history of wicker shields. In the literature of weaponry history round shields created with a spiral technigue are called Turkish shield or kalkan, since nearly all of these shields held in collections of museums are of Turkish origin. The kalkan is probably among the oldest equipment ofthe Turkish cavalry and has its origins on the steppe. It was also used by the infantry, but this item that fits the nomadic style of warfare so well was mainly the characteristic equipment of mounted soldiers, and was used by the Turkish cavalry for at least 500 years. The Déri collection's kalkan belongs to the austere type of wicker shields. It was created using the simplest, inexpensive materials. Its uniqueness is exactly in its simplicity, since nearly all ofthe kalkans in collections are adorned battle shields or specifically created for ornament purposes. Kalkans similar to the one held in Debrecen, which were created solely for fighting purposes are extremely rare and virtually can only be seen on illustrations.