A Debreceni Déri Múzeum Évkönyve 1991 (Debrecen, 1993)

Természettudomány - Szathmáry László: Iron Gate–Carpathian Basin: Connections between the Early Holocene Populations

ossa suturáé lambdoideae, os bregmae, os pterii, os asterii, os incae, sutura metopica, foramen parietale, foramen supraorbitale, torus palatinus, torus maxillaris, torus mandibularis, torus acusticus, tuberculum pharyngeum bipartitum, facies articularis condylaris bipartita, crista sagittalis, sulcus transversus, sulcus supraorbitalis, sulcus centralis maxillaris. The MMD (Mean Measure of Divergence) values and the variances were computed by Grewall (I960) and Smith's (1977) method (cf. Sjpvold, 1976, 1977). The principal component analysis of the metrical traits involved 10 cranial measurements: M

1 -Martin (1928) No 1, M8, M9, M20, M45, M48, M5

1, M52, M54, M55. Only those cranial finds were included in the examinations in the case of wich at least 4 of the analysed 10 traits were available. The missing items were reconstructed by Dear's (1959) method. The extracted factors were separated by Kaiser's (1960) criteria and the individuals' non-standardized factor scores were clustered on the Euclidean distance by the following definition: D (K,I)=Min (D/P,I/; D/Q,I/J. The inner cohesion of each civilisation (IAC) as well as their interrelations (IRC) were estimated within the minimum variability level of individual connections.

2 Results and Discussion Besides the Mesolithic and the transitional (LVC) Iron Gate sequences it is the series of the 3 early Neolithic cultures, the Starcevo, the Körös-Cris and the MELP, that can also be analysed by the non-metric traits (Table 2). As nowhere within the respective series does the manifested frequency of the 20 involved traits show significant sexual differences, now the results can be demonstrated on the common sample of the males and females. The straight consequence is; it is only the Mesolithic and transitional period of the Iron Gate region and the Starcevo sequence, by far the greater part of which also originates from the same region, between wich no significant difference appears. In the case of all the other compared pairs significant difference can be pointed out. 2 I should like to give thanks to Dr. J. Podani (Budapest) for his valuable pieces of advice concerning this field. 68