A Debreceni Déri Múzeum Évkönyve 1986 (Debrecen, 1987)

Természettudomány - Juhász, Lajos–Bozsko, Szvetlana: The Ornithofauna of Debrecen II. Synecological Analysis

(1) Standardization was put through by determining the averages and the standard deviations of the measured data by each variables then applying the transformation x

;

—x z=— s.d. » for the measured data. Therefore Euclidean distances were calculated between the individuals along the variables (considering only the measured data). This distance-matrix was examined by the 'connectedness' method of the HICLUS program of the MDS (X) packet (1983). As a result a cluster tree based on the unweighted measurements issued (Figure 1). (2) The weighted cluster tree was composed by applying a similar method with the difference that in this case the measured and standardized data were weighted (Figure 2) by the heritability of the variables (Table 2). 3. Material The attempt was resonable to be made on a complex sample which involves both chronological and civilization differences. A complex sample through which the interrelations of the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic craniological finds of the North Balkans and the south of the Carpathian Basin can be analysed was very suitable to the present purpose. The sample chosen is composed of two elements both chronologically and by its civilizational characteristics. These are: the finds of the Mesolithic Lepenski Vir culture from the North Balkan Iron Gate (1) and the Early Neolithic finds of the North Balkans and of the south of the Carpathian Basin (2). (1) The first element of the sample consists of the craniological series of Vlasac (Letica, 1973, Srejovic and Letica, 197'4, 1978), Lepenski Vir (Srejovié, 1969, 1972, 1973) and Padina (Jovanovié, 1968, 1969, 1972), which can be dated between 6800-5500 B.C. {Srejovic and Letica, 1978). (2) The other element of the sample is composed of the finds of the Körös-Cris- Starcevo complex, which are dated between about 5300-4300 В. C. according to the conventional C

14 data (Quitta, 1972). As regards the archaeological cultures this complex involves two main components: the Körös-Cris culture on one hand (Kutzián, 1944, 1966, Vlassa, 1966, 1972, Trogmayer, 1968, Kalicz and Makkay, 1972, Lazarovici, 1979, Makkay, 1982, Kalicz, 1983) and the Starcevo culture on the other hand (Garasanin A. D., 1954, Garasanin M. V., 1959, Brukner, 1966, Galovic, 1968, Dimitrijevic, 1969, 1974, Brukner, Jovanovic and Tasié, 1974, Srejovic, 1972, Lazarovici, 1979, Kalicz, 1980, 1983). Both components are the parts of the civilization of the so-called pinched ceramics, which spread to the south of the Carpathian Basin through the Balkans in all probability by Minor Asian influences (cp. Mellaart, 1960, 1965, Waterbolk, 1968, Clark, 1965, Harlan, 1971, Theocaris, 1973, Reed, 1977, Braidwood, 1975, Schachermeyr, 1976). This examination was accomplished only on adult (i.e. older than the age of 23 years) females' skulls. Therefore the alterations of the skull dimensions within the adult age, which is usually of 5-7%, influenced the comparison less (cp. Biichi, 1950, Hooton and Dupertuis, 1951, Lasker, 1953, Roche, 1953, Tallgreen, 1957, 1967, 1972, 1974, Israel, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1973a, 1973b). The age of death was determined by the method of Nemeskéri, Harsányi and Acsádi (1960) (ср. Acsádi and Nemeskéri, 1970). The examined finds are as follows

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