Héthy Zoltán szerk.: Bihari Múzeum Évkönyve 3. (Berettyóújfalu, 1982)

TERMÉSZETTUDOMÁNY — NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN - The Trephined Skull from Bihardancsháza (County Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary)

author's opinion, according to the arguments and analogues based on facts (findings), the primary motive for complete trephinings among the Hungarians in the 10th century was the injury of the skull. The skull dug up in Bihardancsháza refers to this as well: the healed traces of an erlier injury could be seen on a 26 mm'sX21 mm's region bordtring on the trephined opening. The centre of the injury could have been on the region of trephining. And presumably the operation must have been made for the reason of complications appearing in the process of healing. Furthermore the author finds out that the 10th century remains of the complete trephinings, the symbolic trephinings and that of the after-death opening of the foramen magnum, condens on the same regions of the Carpathian-basin, that is: they may be the produis of the same „workshop". Projecting these find-spots on the ethnic map of Hungary in the 11th century, it can obviously be seen that almost all of these places fall to the regions populated by the Hungarian ethnic. The grave-goods of the persons trephined in a complete way are usually rich, and their value for dating the graves is quite precise — they date from the period between the Hungarian conquest (895) and the foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom (1000) — and they refer to Hungarican ethnic as well. So the 3 sorts of operation mentioned above might have had common common misterious elements. And in medication the practice of complete trephinings and that of incomplete trephinings are inseparable from each other. Their use was determined by the nature and seriousness of diseases. 41