Arrabona - Múzeumi közlemények 39/1-2. (Győr, 2001)
Források - Hegedűs Zoltán: Válogatás Magyaróvár XIV–XVII. századi városi kiváltságleveleiből
ARRABONA39.2001. FORRÁSOK Hegedűs Zoltán: Selection of the Charters of Mosonmagyaróvár between the 14 th _17 th Century At the northern part of the current Mosonmagyaróvár, in the Roman Age there was a fortress named Ad Flexum standing and later a settlement was formed beside the fortress. This settlement became depopulated gradually at the time of the migration period and during the following centuries. However, on the ruins of the settlement a new life was born after the Hungarian Conquest. After the Mongol invasion King Béla IV granted huge lends in Moson County for Konrád from the Gyor Clan with the obligation to build a castle in Óvár. It was prepared soon, and after 1271, when the Czech army invading the country demolished the Royal Castle in Moson, the seat of the lord-lieutenancy of the county moved there. The castle with its belongings got in to the King's possession. According to the archaeological research first settlement of the Middle Age was built here under the castle in the second half of the 13 Due to the income earned from trade and industry especially from water-mills on Lajta, the quickly developing and urbanising settlement was raised to the rank of the queen's towns by the widow of the King Róbert Károly, Queen Erzsébet granting the town with the privileges of royal free boroughs (judges and parish priests could have been elected individually by them, they enjoyed customs free rights within the country, could hold a fair, make their will free, taxes could be paid in one amount together, in the civil trials the judge and the jury could make a verdict, and they even had the power of life and death). For the enforcement of their privileges - even though they were confirmed by Nagy Lajos I and Zsigmond as well - they had to fight several times, in addition the castle and the surrounding land was pledged by the Treasury in 1364, and new owners were reluctant to appreciate the privileges of the citizens. The castle and the land reversed to the Crown in 1522, when King Lajos II granted it to his wife: Habsburg Maria . During the two centuries starting with the defeat at Mohács in 1526 the town of Óvár fell a victim of the battles several times: Turkish, emperor's-royal armies, Bocskai István, then Bethlen Gábor's troops, during the Rákóczi war of independence the "Labanc"s and the "Kuruc"s occupied, demolished robbed or levied a contribution from the town. The owner of the land was the Royal Treasury, which mainly rented out or pledged it. Prevailing owners of the town did not harm the citizens' privileges. However in 1762 the Treasury redeemed the land, and the Lower Austrian Chamber was assigned to manage it, representatives of the chamber were trying to limit the privileges continuously. In this battle, the citizens' positions weakened gradually and the domain cut down their privileges and finally in 1716 socage regulations and liabilities were forced on them. Zoltán Hegedűs: Auswahl an städtischen Privilegienurkunden /Freibriefen von Magyaróvár, 14. -17. Jh. Im nördlichen, Óvárer Teil der Stadt Mosonmagyaróvár stand in der Römerzeit die römische Festung Ad Flexum, daneben entstand die Zivilsiedlung. In der Zeit der Völkerwanderung und in den darauffolgenden Jahrhunderten entvölkerte sich der Ort zunehmend. Neues Leben erblühte zwischen den Mauern jedoch nach der Landnahme. Nach dem Tatarensturm beschenkte der ungarische König Béla der Vierte dem aus dem Geschlecht der Győrer stammenden Konrad mit riesigen Gütern im Komitat Moson unter dessen Verpflichtung, in Óvár eine Burg zu errichten. Diese entstand auch sehr bald. Nach 1271, als die ins Land einbrechenden böhmischen Truppen die Mosoner königliche Burg dem Erdboden gleichmachten, wurde auch der Sitz der Gespanschaft hierher verlegt. Die Burg und alles, was dazu gehörte, gelangten ab 1289 wieder in den Besitz des Herrschers. Archäologischen Forschungen zufolge entstand in der zweiten Hälfte des 13Jh.s unterhalb dieser Burg die erste 433
