Arrabona - Múzeumi közlemények 4. (Győr; 1962)
A. Lengyel: The endeavours of Győr county towards a progressive public education in the early nineteenth century
allzubald durdh seine Verzögerungspolitik den Zentral- und Komitatsausschuss, dass ihre Bemühungen vergeblich waren. Der Landtag hatte die Probleme der Reorganisation des Schulwesens nicht gelöst, da der Monaroh verlautbaren Hess, dass das Schulwesen Hoheitsrecht sei und demnach eine diesbezügliche Gesetzgebung vollkommen überflüssig sei. Doch schob sich diese „landesväterliche" Fürsorge von Jahr zu Jahr hinaus, da die absolutistischen Zielsetzungen des Hofes in krasisem Gegensatz standen zu den Bestrebungen des Ungartums zur Hebung; seiner Kultur. Auch die Reformpläne auf der Ebene des Unterrichts- und Bildungswesens, die wahrhaftig den Vorteil des Volkes bezweckten, und die im Frühjahr 1848 reif waren, mussten an der Unterdrückung des Freiheitskampfes scheitern. Seit der Katastrophe von Világos musste noch viel Zeit vergehen, bis im Bereiche des Unterrichtswesens aus nationalen Gesichtspunkten (im Jahre 1868 und 1883) einige gewissermassen befriedigende, zeitgemässe Massnahmen getroffen werden konnten. A. Lengyel * * * THE ENDEAVOURS OF GYÖR COUNTY TOWARDS A PROGRESSIVE PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY At the dawn of the Age of Reform, in the early 1830-s the debates of tlh^e feudal diet centered mainly round the endeavours aiming at national independence and the fight for the extension of the Hungarian language. Beside these the agenda contained several problems touched already earlier, the solution of which was hindered, however, by powerful factors at more than one occasion. Such a problem was among other® that of public education, as no real progress was attained in this respect since the Ratio Educationis (1777) became effective. Worthy initiatives were only noticed in the extension of our language, promoted also by Győr county considerably. Miklós Kolosváry, a judge of the county court and one of the representatives of the county at the diet, has raised his voice in favour of the general use of the Hungarian language at several occasions, especially in the so-called circular sessions of the legislative. The process of becoming a nation, however, a process having begun subconsciously, did not halt at partial successes. It exerted pressure on the Count Palatine in favour of putting the often debated, and at this time appropriately revised, systematic projects on the parliamentary agenda again. This decision meant the revival of the national commisions formed by the diet of 1790/91 as a matter of fact, as these commissions have wrought out their propositions as to the most important subjects of the „grievances" of the estates in their time 1 , so in favour of the extension of knowledge and public education too. These earlier propositions and the new bill prepared by the national commission ware sent to each county in print for study and appropriate modification. The assemblies of the counties empowered several subcommittees with the discussion of the single problems in their turn. In Győr county the so-called Partial Deputation was assembled in January 1831 at the first time. As a part of subcommittee No. 3 it was formed to debate the problems of „public instruction and teaching" exclusively. Owing to the social structure of the members one would be tempted to await a conservative outlook in thai findings and proposals of this ad hoc body; we are surprised to notice, however, a series of liberal-minded meanings expressed and registered during its deliberations, arousing interest even in the most progressive circles of the feudal society. The Deputation emphasized in its first sessions already that poor students attaining good results ought to be exempted from the paying of school fees, landlords on the other hand should be obliged to undertake heavier burdens in the erection of school buildings. Further it deemed advisable, nay necessary, that the polytechnic and rural industrial schools, mentioned in the bill, should be organized all over the land. At variance with the national proposition, the Deputation urged the introduction of the Hungarian language in the grammatical classes already, at least as regards certain subjects. The decisions as to the remaining problems were also opposite to those of the national commission, or they surpassed the level set by the Opinio Rei Litterariae, either to serve the interests of the nation or to raise the stan154
