Szőllősy Csilla - Pokrovenszki Krisztián (szerk.): Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis - Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei. C. sorozat 45. (Székesfehérvár, 2017)
Tanulmányok/közlemények - Régészet - Keszi Tamás: A nagyrévi kultúra szimbolikus ábrázolásokkal díszített urnái Kiapostag - Dunai-dűlő lelőhelyről. Alternatív javaslat a Budapest - Pannonhalmi úti edény ábrázolásának értelmezésére
Tamás Kes^i: Cinerary urns from the Nagyrév Culture ornamented with symbolic representations found at the Kisapostag- Dunai-dűlő site with horns, on a throne and two streams of water flowing out of two vessels held in his hands (Fig. 12, No. 5)}M Similar representations can be seen in the Elamite seals of the Shimashki dynasty, which was contemporaneous with the Third Dynasty of Ur (Fig. 12, No. 6).m A cylinder seal from Isin, which cannot be more precisely dated, features a naked, longhaired figure holding a vase in their hands, from which two streams of water are pouring out, and fish motifs are visible next to the water streams in this case as well.104 * 106 It is way more common to see some kind of religious specialist, god, ghost or demon holding one or more snakes in their hand(s). Such anthropoid figures first appeared in the Middle East on stamp seals or seal impressions at the beginning of the 4th millennium BC. According to some, the figures depicted with the head of an animal and holding animals in their hands can be identified with namashes, shaman-like specialists. The ‘Lord of the Animals’ theme, which later appeared in relation to rulers and gods, could have emerged from this scene.107 A stamp seal originating from Northern Mesopotamia (possibly from Syria or South-West Iran) (Fig. 12, No. 7) features a human figure surrounded by snakes.108 * 110 We are aware of — at times goat-horned - figures holding snakes in their hands, or surrounded by snakes, from Tell Asmar (Fig. 12, No. 8,m Fig. 12, No. 9 11 °J, Telul eth-Thalathat,111 112 Uruk (Fig. 13, No. 1U1), from the territory of today’s Iran from Choga Mish,113 114 Susa (Fig. 13, No. 2,U4 Fig. 13, No. 3 115), Tepe Giyan (Fig. 13, No. 4,116 * * 119 120 Fig. 13, No. 5nl) and Tepe Hissar (Fig. 13, No. 6ni). The illustration of several stamp seals are published as finds from Luristan (Fig. 13, No. 7,119 Fig. 13, No. 8,'20 Fig. 13, No. 9,121 Fig. 13, No. 10,122 123 Fig. 13, No. 11m). The only thing certain about other finds is that they were discovered in Iran.124 This theme appears even in Afghanistan. A stamp seal, the exact findspot of which is unknown and is dated back to Namazga IV-V (2500-2200 BC), features a horned male figure with probably snakes in his hands (Fig. 13, No. 12)325 A stamp seal dated to Late Namazga V or early Namazga VI features a naked winged hero with two serpents on its one side (Fig. 14, No. 1).126 A stamp seal dated to the late 3rd or early 2nd millennium BC,127 which is believed to belong 104 DELAPORTE 1920, 12, T 108; BLACK - GREEN 1992,139, Fig. 115. Gudea himself was also portrayed holding a jug in front of his chest, from which water is pouring in two streams. юз poTTS 2004, Fig. 5.7. 4, 6—7. This theme also appeared in Europe, but only on a Kassite cylinder seal from the 14th century BC (PORADA 1982, 49—50, No. 26; COLLON 2007, Fig. 7.20), and based on the context of the find, it could not have had any particular effect on Aegean art and beliefs. 106 FRANKFORT 1955, 69,753. lcr ROOT 2002, 173-174, 183; HOLE 2010, 233-234, 236-237. 108 Relative chronological position: Tepe Gawra, XII—X periods, PITTMAN — ARUZ 1987,18, 48-49, cat. 3. In calendar years, this artefact is dated to 4000-3500 BC, by the authors. The period in question was dated to the second half of the 4* millennium BC by LLOYD 1984, 66, Table VI. ,w HOLE 2010, Fig. 15,8a = FRANKFORT 1935, Fig. 30 = AMIÉT 1961, Fig. 152. 110 FRANKFORT 1955, 51, 535 = AMIÉT 1961, Fig. 1294, Early Dynastic Period II, that is 2750-2600 BC: LLOYD 1984, 36, Table III. FUKAI - HORIUCHI - MATSUTAN1 1974, 51, 38:4. Citations from them: HOLE 2010, 236. 112 Impressions of a cylinder seal from Uruk Stratum V, which, in the opinion of the author, were taken to the site from Elam: BOEHMER 1999, 109, 115, Tab. 94—95. This stramm can be dated back to ca. 3300—3200 BC: LLOYD 1984, 36, Table III. 113 DELOUGAZ - KANTOR 1996, 36:F, 156:C, 158. An item similar to the former one. 114 HOLE 2010, 237, Fig. 15,8e = ROYAL SUSA Fig. 25 = WICKEDE 1990, Fig. 449, Susa, Period A, end of the 5th millennium BC, beginning of the 4th millennium BC: LLOYD 1984, 27, Table II. 115 ROYAL SUSA 45, No. 18 = AMIÉT 1961, A, 2, Fig. 118 = WICKEDE 1990, Fig. 459, Susa, Period I, ca. 4000 BC. According to other interpretations, the wavy lines symbolise streams of water (CHARVÁT 2002, 102). 116 HOLE 2010, Fig. 15,8c = AMIÉT 1961, Fig. 150. ,r HOLE 2010, Fig. 15,8d = AMIÉT 1961, Fig. 151 = RASHAD 1990, No. 201. Additional items: AMIÉT 1961, Fig. 148 = RASHAD 1990, No. 209; HOLE 2010, Fig. 15,8b = AMIÉT 1961, Fig. 149 = RASHAD 1990, No. 204; RASHAD 1990, No. 205; RASHAD 1990, No. 206; RASHAD 1990, No. 207. "8 AM1ET 1961,153. 119 AMIÉT etal. 1981,No. 211 = RASHAD 1990, No. 346 — according to the latter, the findspot is unknown; it is listed among the Luristan artefacts. 120 RASHAD 1990, No. 323. 121 RASHAD 1990, No. 335. 122 RASHAD 1990, No. 338. 123 RASHAD 1990, No. 340. Additional artefacts with uncertain findspot: RASHAD 1990, No. 347; RASHAD 1990, No. 1140; RASHAD 1990, No. 1141; RASHAD 1990, No. 1153; RASHAD 1990, No. 1154; RASHAD 1990, No. 1155. 124 RASHAD 1990, No. 331; RASHAD 1990, No. 336; RASHAD 1990, No. 1112. 125 PITTMAN 1984, 56, Fig. 26b = PITTMAN - ARUZ 1987, 33, Fig. 18. (According to the caption, it dates back to the 2'"1 millennium BC) = SARIANIDI 1998, Cat. 32. 126 PITTMAN 1984, 59, Fig. 29a = PUTMAN - ARUZ 1987, 64, Cat. 39. 12 For further information on the dating of the finds to an earlier period, the second half of the 3'4 millennium BC based on calibrated C14 dating results, see: SARIANIDI 2001, 166-167. 31
